西藏革吉县一带下白垩统则弄群火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

杨永锋; 姜亚国; 唐静; 程犬

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2024072

西藏革吉县一带下白垩统则弄群火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

1.
陕西地矿科技产业股份有限公司，陕西西安　710000

2.
陕西地矿区研院有限公司，陕西咸阳　712000

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目“西藏革吉县尕尔穷地区4幅1：5万地质矿产调查”（12120113036800）资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 杨永锋（1983−），男，高级工程师，从事区域地质矿产调查和沉积地层学研究。E−mail：yangyongfeng011031@163.com

中图分类号: P56

收稿日期: 2022-09-05

修回日期: 2024-03-08

录用日期: 2024-03-20

刊出日期: 2024-12-20

Geochemical Characteristics and Its Geological Significance of the Lower Cretaceous Zenong Group Volcanic Rocks of Geji Country, Tibet

1.
Shaanxi Mining Technology Industry Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi, China

2.
Regional Geological Survey Academe of Shaanxi Geology and Mining Group Co., Ltd., Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China

Received Date: 05 September 2022

Revised Date: 08 March 2024

Accepted Date: 20 March 2024

Publish Date: 20 December 2024

摘要

摘要:
西藏革吉县一带则弄群（K₁Z）广泛发育，自下而上由多爱组（K₁d）、拖称组（K₁t）和朗久组（K₁l）组成。笔者对则弄群（K₁Z）火山岩开展了详细的岩相学、地球化学和年代学研究，研究发现这些火山岩存在明显火山喷发不整合，指示火山活动具有脉动特点。主量元素组成显示多爱组（K₁d）和拖称组（K₁t）火山岩属碱性-钙碱性系列，朗久组（K₁l）火山岩则为碱性系列。微量元素蛛网曲线、稀土配分图以及构造差别图解表明多爱组（K₁d）和拖称组（K₁t）火山岩形成于岛弧环境，朗久组（K₁l）火山岩则形成于近活动大陆边缘岛弧环境。多爱组（K₁d）角闪安山岩锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄值为（111.2±2.1）Ma。结合前人资料和本研究，笔者认为则弄群（K₁Z）火山岩是狮泉河-永珠-纳木错-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带所代表的Slainajap洋盆向南俯冲形成的陆缘弧。
- 早白垩世 /
- 则弄群 /
- 冈底斯带 /
- 地球化学 /
- 火山岩
Abstract:
The Zenong Group is exposed widely in the Geji area of Tibet and is composed of Duo'ai Formation, Tuo 'cheng Formation, and Langjiu Formation from bottom to top. This study carried petrography, geochemistry, and chronology on the Zenong Group volcanic rocks. It was found that these volcanic rocks show obvious eruption unconformity and pulsed magmatism. According to the major element composition, the igneous rocks of the Duo'ai, and Tuo 'cheng Formations belong to the alkaline-calc-alkaline series, while the rocks of the Langjiu Formation belong to the alkaline series. The trace elements, REE distribution, and tectonic discrimination diagram show that the Duo'ai, and Tuocheng Formation formed in the island arc environment, while the Langjiu formed in the island arc environment near the active continental margin. The average weighted zircon U-Pb age of the hornblende andesite from the Duo'ai Formation is （111.2±2.1）Ma. Combination with previous work and this study, we suggest the Zenong Group volcanic rocks are the marginal continental arc of the southward subduction of the Slainajap ocean basin represented by the Shiquanhe-Yongzhu-Namco-Jiali ophiolitic melange belt.
- early Cretaceous /
- Zenong Group /
- Gangdese belt /
- geochemistry /
- volcanic rocks

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图 1 冈底斯带构造单元

Figure 1.

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图 2 西藏革吉地区地质简图

Figure 2.

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图 3 则弄群（K₁Z）火山岩野外特征

Figure 3.

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图 4 则弄群（K₁Z）火山岩显微特征

Figure 4.

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图 5 则弄群（K₁Z）火山岩岩石系列图解

Figure 5.

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图 6 则弄群（K₁Z）火山岩微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图

Figure 6.

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图 7 则弄群（K₁Z）火山岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型式图

Figure 7.

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图 8 D531-14锆石阴极发光图像（a）、U-Pb年龄谐和图（b）和加权平均年龄图（c）

Figure 8.

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图 9 则弄群（K₁Z）火山岩构造环境判别图解

Figure 9.

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表 1 则弄群（K₁Z）火山岩主量元素特征

Table 1. Major element composition of the Zenong Group（K₁Z） volcanic rocks

组名	样品号	岩性	主量元素特征（%）													CIPW标准矿物组合特征值										特征参数值
组名	样品号	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	LOI	Total	Q	An	Ab	Or	C	Di	Hy	Il	Mt	Ap	R1	R2	σ	A/CNK	AR	SI	DI	A/MF	C/MF	Na₂O/ K₂O
多爱组	PM16/1	安山岩	59.5	0.77	15.6	5.19	3.05	0.083	2.84	3.79	5.07	2.11	0.23	4.8	103.03	15.32	1.77	42.66	12.4	4.26	/	10.46	1.46	5.59	0.52	1429	847	3.15	0.89	2.18	15.67	70.38	0.86	0.38	2.4
	D155/1	安山岩	50.1	1.15	14.1	8.27	2.36	0.146	1.94	8.77	4.79	1.86	0.52	8.3	102.31	12.57	/	36.16	10.95	5.05	/	10.34	2.18	6.31	1.2	896	1307	6.34	0.59	1.82	10.3	59.68	0.75	0.85	2.58
	D2316/1	安山岩	61.9	0.74	15.8	6.59	3.14	0.106	2.21	6.05	2.71	2.12	0.14	1.59	103.10	20.89	24.18	22.56	12.33	/	1.77	9.83	1.38	5.91	0.32	2357	1049	1.26	0.89	1.57	13.37	55.78	0.85	0.6	1.28
	D531/14	角闪安山岩	55.44	0.72	15.87	7.05	4.18	0.159	2.89	4.64	3.99	3.04	0.29	5.77	104.04	13.96	/	32.44	17.7	6.09	/	12.93	1.35	7.21	0.67	1236	937	4.13	0.87	2.04	13.8	64.1	0.71	0.38	1.31
	D531/53	石英安山岩	51.5	1.07	15.4	7.24	3.36	0.128	3.89	8.64	2.44	1.42	0.29	7.79	103.17	19.1	8.62	20.6	8.37	6.69	/	16.81	2.03	5.51	0.68	1929	1417	1.76	0.72	1.38	21.6	48.07	0.65	0.66	1.72
	D542/1	角闪安山岩	67.66	0.438	15.44	3.52	2.3	0.061	0.855	4.13	2.84	3.34	0.201	1.48	102.27	27.59	18.78	23.85	19.59	0.22	/	4.54	0.83	4.06	0.46	2534	781	1.56	0.98	1.92	6.69	71.03	1.56	0.76	0.85
	D542/4	安山岩	64.21	0.525	15.76	6.77	1.04	0.07	0.354	1.81	5.41	3.47	0.213	1.36	100.99	15.09	6.61	46	20.61	0.7	/	3.26	1	5.87	0.5	1339	523	3.7	0.99	3.04	2.11	81.7	1.43	0.3	1.56
	D544/1	石英安山岩	62.91	0.708	15.16	7.52	0.32	0.071	0.717	3.02	4.59	2.52	0.24	2.42	100.20	19.26	12.78	39.82	15.27	0.32	/	4.82	1.38	5.44	0.57	1800	673	2.47	0.96	2.28	4.69	74.35	1.28	0.46	1.82
	平均值		59.15	0.77	15.39	6.52	2.47	0.1	1.96	5.11	3.98	2.49	0.27	4.19	102.39	17.97	12.12	33.01	14.65	/	/	9.12	1.45	5.74	0.62	1690	941.75	3.05	0.86	2.03	11.03	65.64	1.01	0.55	1.69
拖称组	D522/12	角闪安山岩	63.1	0.67	14.7	5.15	0.52	0.05	0.82	3.46	5.35	2.66	0.27	3.73	100.48	18.96	2.77	45.96	15.96	2.03	/	3.67	1.29	4.09	0.62	1543	710	3.14	0.82	2.58	5.77	80.88	1.56	0.67	2.01
	PM17/1	安山岩	55.1	1.1	15.1	7.11	3.34	0.15	3.13	7.19	4.59	0.97	0.38	5.13	103.29	9.82	17.53	38.71	5.74	/	0.07	13.38	2.08	6.23	0.87	1511	1216	2.57	0.69	1.67	16.59	54.27	0.69	0.6	4.71
	PM14/31	安山岩	47.4	1.18	16.4	8.94	5.17	0.13	5.24	7.79	2.7	2.5	0.35	7.4	105.2	6.2	8.28	22.45	14.52	6.01	/	22.17	2.2	7.51	0.79	1193	1390	7.37	0.77	1.55	21.67	43.17	0.51	0.44	1.08
	平均值		55.2	0.98	15.4	7.07	3.01	0.11	3.06	6.15	4.21	2.04	0.33	5.42	102.99	11.66	9.53	35.7	12.1	/	/	13.1	1.86	5.94	0.76	1 415.7	1105.3	4.36	0.76	1.93	14.68	59.44	0.92	0.57	2.6
朗久组	D0293/2	粗面岩	63.0	1.18	13.8	4.03	1.24	0.09	2.45	3.09	2.66	7.97	0.57	0.61	100.69	10.52	2.15	22.49	47.07	/	7.04	2.83	2.24	4.05	1.33	1226	722	5.64	0.74	4.4	13.43	80.08	1.05	0.43	0.33
	D0298/1	粗面岩	63.9	1.11	14.0	4	1.24	0.06	1.93	2.49	2.68	8.04	0.55	0.75	100.75	12.54	2.31	22.66	47.48	/	4.01	2.95	2.11	4.03	1.26	1262	636	5.5	0.79	4.74	10.85	82.68	1.19	0.39	0.33
	D0301/1	石英粗面岩	63.9	1.06	13.4	3.83	0.55	0.06	1.71	2.06	2.62	7.96	0.59	2.31	100.05	19.58	0	16.86	47.52	1.51	/	4.3	2.03	3.01	1.37	1339	573	5.31	0.8	5.37	10.35	83.96	1.34	0.37	0.33
	平均值		63.6	1.17	13.73	3.95	1.01	0.07	2.03	2.55	2.65	7.99	0.57	1.22	100.5	14.21	1.49	20.67	47.36	/	/	3.36	2.13	3.7	1.32	1 275.7	643.7	5.48	0.78	4.84	11.54	82.24	1.19	0.4	0.33

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表 2 则弄群（K₁Z）火山岩微量元素特征（10⁻⁶）

Table 2. The trace element composition of the Zenong Group (K₁Z) volcanic rocks (10⁻⁶)

组名	样品号	岩性	微量元素特征
组名	样品号	岩性	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Co	Rb	Cs	W	Ga	Sb	Bi	Sr	Ba	V	Sc	Nb	Ta	Zr	Hf	U	Th
多爱组	PM16/1	安山岩	42.4	11.7	69.9	74.6	49.7	18.2	54.7	0.997	1.01	16.9	2.59	0.079	394	496	97.6	11.9	14.6	0.962	187	5.33	14.6	7.55
	D155/1	安山岩	39.7	8.86	95.2	41.8	16.5	22	60.7	14.9	1.05	14.3	0.528	0.022	291	225	133	20.3	10.4	0.524	199	5.1	10.4	4.42
	D2316/1	安山岩	11.9	19.5	64.1	22	5.06	12.4	85.3	6.42	1.35	19.6	1.47	0.175	294	462	128	21.2	12	0.889	189	6.06	12	11
	D531/14	角闪安山岩	14	12.2	102	45.1	12.8	14.9	86.2	6.98	1.61	18.4	0.896	0.026	294	554	114	9.11	9.75	0.688	150	4.42	9.75	8.65
	D531/53	石英安山岩	36.4	7.81	75.9	172	69.4	32.1	31.6	1.23	0.335	16	0.79	0.038	459	450	161	13.9	8.31	0.448	148	4.16	8.31	6.12
	D542/1	角闪安山岩	6.31	14	67.3	64.5	4.12	5.12	101	4.11	3.35	16.3	0.182	0.011	626	614	30.7	4.12	11.2	0.808	156	4.21	11.2	10.1
	D542/4	安山岩	15.2	13.8	35.3	60.1	3.55	5.02	68.4	1.98	2.37	11.7	0.36	0.135	578	987	81.9	4.45	10.1	0.681	140	4.03	10.1	8.69
	D544/1	石英安山岩	11.3	9.63	43.5	42.3	4.88	8.83	42.6	2.95	1.63	12.4	0.275	0.065	699	742	55.9	9.26	9.54	0.629	142	4.07	9.54	8.4
	平均值		22.15	12.19	69.15	65.3	20.75	14.82	66.31	4.95	1.59	15.7	0.89	0.069	454.38	566.25	100.26	11.78	10.74	0.704	163.88	4.67	10.74	8.12
拖称组	D522/12	角闪安山岩	32	14.4	32.5	22.3	9.16	11.9	50.1	0.796	1.26	15.6	0.266	0.153	380	425	138	9.46	5.44	0.348	137	4.36	2.02	7.09
	PM17/1	安山岩	41.2	11.9	79.5	117	60	26	27.2	6.49	0.863	16.4	0.606	0.052	327	207	134	18.9	14.5	0.95	178	4.88	1.48	5.34
	PM14/31	安山岩	26.7	11.6	84.1	124	78	31.3	101	67.5	0.075	17.1	1.28	0.054	302	264	165	22.2	7.53	0.253	160	4.52	1.15	4.31
	平均值		33.3	12.63	65.37	87.77	49.05	23.07	59.43	24.93	0.73	16.37	0.72	0.09	336.3	298.7	145.7	16.85	9.16	0.52	158.3	4.59	1.55	5.58
朗久组	D0293/2	粗面岩	47.6	138	84.2	86	43.2	11.8	543	52.1	7.78	49.1	0.295	0.297	832	2625	82.9	13.6	42	2.35	719	22.4	22.1	122
	D0298/1	粗面岩	37.5	128	79.2	83.5	30	10.5	549	52.8	11.4	47.8	0.248	1	807	2510	81.7	12.5	47	2.87	633	20.3	22.4	128
	D0301/1	石英粗面岩	27.4	135	76.2	118	52.4	10.1	613	63.3	8.99	50.4	0.293	0.31	793	2301	72.8	11.8	44.8	2.83	626	20.1	12.4	137
	平均值		37.5	133.67	79.87	95.83	41.87	10.8	568.33	56.07	9.39	49.1	0.279	0.536	810.67	2478.67	79.13	12.63	44.6	2.68	659.33	20.93	18.97	129
黎彤（1997）			38.8	6.15	72.4	172	124	51.3	60.4	4.31	1.18	14.1	0.11	0.082	275	243	59.3	11.6	15.4	1.43	77.4	2.14	2.43	7.15

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表 3 则弄群（K₁Z）火山岩稀土元素特征（10⁻⁶）

Table 3. Rare earth element composition of the Zenong Group (K₁Z) volcanic rocks (10⁻⁶)

组名	样品号	岩性	稀土元素														特征参数
组名	样品号	岩性	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	∑REE	LREE	HREE	LREE/HREE	δEu	δCe	（La/Yb）_N
多爱组	PM16/1	安山岩	27.6	52.6	6.27	21.8	3.95	1.07	3.37	0.56	2.9	0.544	1.57	0.259	1.58	0.221	124.30	113.29	11.01	10.29	0.87	0.94	12.53
	D155/1	安山岩	33.6	66.9	8.43	35.1	6.76	2.21	5.61	1.01	5.27	0.998	2.82	0.457	2.93	0.431	172.53	153.00	19.53	7.84	1.07	0.95	8.23
	D2316/1	安山岩	32.8	65.9	8.02	31.2	6.23	1.41	5.56	1.05	5.74	1.1	3.29	0.525	3.52	0.475	166.82	145.56	21.26	6.85	0.72	0.97	6.68
	D531/14	角闪安山岩	28.9	52.6	6.21	24.1	4.62	1.24	4.48	0.73	4.35	0.734	2.22	0.4	2.46	0.382	133.43	117.67	15.76	7.47	0.82	0.92	8.43
	D531/53	石英安山岩	23	43.7	5.26	21.7	4.36	1.27	4.06	0.77	4.42	0.763	2.14	0.357	2.32	0.352	114.47	99.29	15.18	6.54	0.91	0.94	7.11
	D542/1	角闪安山岩	30.5	54.9	6.02	22.4	3.7	1.11	2.99	0.461	2.21	0.378	1.1	0.163	1.01	0.179	127.12	118.63	8.49	13.97	0.99	0.93	21.66
	D542/4	安山岩	27.6	47	5.3	20.5	3.6	0.827	3.03	0.39	2.13	0.349	0.99	0.131	1.16	0.184	113.20	104.83	8.37	12.53	0.75	0.89	17.07
	D544/1	石英安山岩	24.5	46.1	5.29	20.2	3.69	0.916	3.61	0.65	3.48	0.68	2.06	0.441	2.65	0.382	114.65	100.70	13.95	7.22	0.76	0.95	6.63
	平均值		28.6	53.7	6.35	24.6	4.61	1.26	4.09	0.703	3.81	0.693	2.02	0.34	2.2	0.33	133.32	119.12	14.19	9.09	0.86	0.94	11.04
拖称组	D522/12	角闪安山岩	23.7	37.2	4.35	17	3.18	0.88	2.68	0.41	1.84	0.29	0.88	0.18	0.86	0.13	93.57	86.31	7.26	11.90	0.90	0.83	19.77
	PM17/1	安山岩	24.8	50.5	6.4	26.5	5.15	1.68	4.76	0.9	4.8	0.97	2.71	0.46	2.93	0.42	132.98	115.03	17.95	6.41	1.02	0.96	6.07
	PM14/31	安山岩	22.9	46	6.04	25.3	5.32	1.6	4.63	0.89	4.46	0.9	2.54	0.43	2.84	0.38	124.22	107.16	17.06	6.28	0.96	0.94	5.78
	平均值		23.8	44.57	5.6	22.93	4.55	1.39	4.02	0.73	3.7	0.72	2.04	0.36	2.21	0.31	116.92	102.83	14.09	8.20	0.96	0.91	10.54
朗久组	D0293/2	粗面岩	128	261	33.5	134	20.6	3.33	11.6	1.34	5.25	/	1.79	/	1.57	0.18	603.09	580.43	22.66	25.61	0.60	/	58.48
	D0298/1	粗面岩	134	251	33.5	131	20.2	3.28	12	1.33	5.55	/	1.65	/	1.36	0.17	595.95	572.98	22.97	24.94	0.59	/	70.68
	D0301/1	石英粗面岩	128	252	32.9	134	21	3.28	11.1	1.32	4.81	/	1.51	/	1.58	0.16	592.54	571.18	21.36	26.74	0.59	/	58.11
	平均值		130	254.67	33.3	133	20.6	3.3	11.57	1.33	5.2	/	1.65	/	1.5	0.17	597.19	574.86	22.33	25.76	0.59	/	62.42
黎彤（1997）			16.4	30.8	3.69	17.8	2.85	0.64	2.92	0.4	2.51	0.4	1.04	0.18	1.34	0.18	92.45	72.18	20.27	3.56	0.66	0.88	8.32

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表 4 多爱组（K₁d）角闪安山岩岩石U-Pb同位素测年分析结果表

Table 4. The U-Pb isotopic analysis result of the hornblende andesite of the Duo 'ai Formation

样号	D531/14				样品名称						角闪安山岩
样品情况	同位素原子比率										表面年龄
点号	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁸Pb/²³²Th	1σ	²³²Th/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U
06	0.0499	0.0049	0.1217	0.0116	0.0177	0.0002	0.0033	0.0001	0.5764	0.0031	192	117	113
07	0.0480	0.0009	0.1180	0.0020	0.0178	0.0002	0.0035	0.0001	0.7658	0.0036	101	113	114
09	0.0501	0.0013	0.1211	0.0032	0.0175	0.0002	0.0029	0.0001	0.3731	0.0010	198	116	112
13	0.0494	0.0048	0.1186	0.0115	0.0174	0.0002	0.0024	0.0001	0.4390	0.0013	169	114	111
14	0.0489	0.0056	0.1171	0.0130	0.0174	0.0002	0.0021	0.0001	0.4988	0.0014	142	112	111
15	0.0522	0.0033	0.1251	0.0080	0.0174	0.0002	0.0028	0.0000	0.3907	0.0003	293	120	111
16	0.0514	0.0009	0.1190	0.0016	0.0168	0.0002	0.0016	0.0019	0.4644	0.0012	261	114	107
注：该样品根据频谱图选定111 Ma±作为岩体的年龄，选择点号与锆石特征图对应；测试单位为西北大学实验室（2020年）。

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西藏革吉县一带下白垩统则弄群火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

1. 陕西地矿科技产业股份有限公司，陕西 西安 710000 2. 陕西地矿区研院有限公司，陕西 咸阳 712000

作者简介: 杨永锋（1983−），男，高级工程师，从事区域地质矿产调查和沉积地层学研究。E−mail：yangyongfeng011031@163.com

Geochemical Characteristics and Its Geological Significance of the Lower Cretaceous Zenong Group Volcanic Rocks of Geji Country, Tibet

1. Shaanxi Mining Technology Industry Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi, China 2. Regional Geological Survey Academe of Shaanxi Geology and Mining Group Co., Ltd., Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China

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1.
陕西地矿科技产业股份有限公司，陕西西安　710000

2.
陕西地矿区研院有限公司，陕西咸阳　712000

1.
Shaanxi Mining Technology Industry Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi, China

2.
Regional Geological Survey Academe of Shaanxi Geology and Mining Group Co., Ltd., Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China