Quantitative Evaluation of the Structure and Coal Thickness Stability of the Thin Coal Seam in Lucun No. 2 Coal Mine, Yan’an
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摘要:
薄煤层条件下的煤炭开采对精确掌握煤厚与构造的空间变化规律提出了更高要求。陕西延安黄陵矿区北部发育薄煤层，对其构造发育特点与煤厚空间变化规律认识不清，限制了煤炭高效开采与智能化矿井建设。笔者以延安芦村二号煤矿主采的2号煤层为研究对象，基于煤层底板标高数据，开展趋势面分析与构造曲率分析，揭示构造展布与发育特点；基于网格剖分法计算了775个网格节点的煤厚变异系数，揭示煤层厚度及其稳定性变化规律，克服了传统煤厚变异系数单一评价值对揭示煤厚稳定性空间变化的不足。结果显示，芦村二号煤矿2号煤层属于较稳定煤层，整体呈一走向NE、倾向NW的单斜构造，在此背景下，叠加了轴向为NW的次级波状起伏。新识别并圈定了3处典型构造，分别为：煤矿东北部发育一局部凹陷，中北部发育一局部凸起，煤矿南部发育一个呈NW—SE向展布的马鞍状构造。在马鞍状构造北部叠加了勘探与采掘期间发现的若干断层，使得煤矿南部构造相对复杂。煤厚变异系数介于0.16%～15.24%，平均为1.98%，呈现从北向南逐渐增加的趋势，在西南部12-7和12-8号钻孔附近达到最大值。在可采范围内，煤层厚度稳定性由NE向SW逐步变差，马鞍状构造与煤厚变异系数高值区高度吻合。基于煤厚及煤厚变异系数分级，识别出6类煤厚及稳定性组合方案，实现了煤厚及稳定性的平面分区评价，揭示可采范围内东部的开采条件好于西部，西南部最差，源于马鞍状构造加剧了煤厚变化。研究成果可为薄煤层安全、高效、精准开采提供地质保障。
Abstract:Coal mining under thin seam conditions puts forward higher requirements for accurately understanding the spatial variation law of coal thickness and structure. A thin coal seam was developed in the north of the Huangling mining area in Yan’an, Shaanxi Province. However, the structural characteristics and spatial variation of coal thickness are not well understood, which restricts efficient coal mining and intelligent mine construction. In this study, the No. 2 coal seam, a thin coal seam mined in Lucun No. 2 Coal mine in Yan’an, was taken as a research object. Based on the elevation data of the coal seam floor, trend surface analysis and structural curvature analysis were carried out to reveal the characteristics of structural development. The variation coefficient of coal thickness of 775 grid nodes was calculated based on the mesh splitting method to reveal the variation rule of coal seam thickness and its stability zoning. It will overcome the deficiency of the traditional single evaluation value of coal thickness variation coefficient to reveal the spatial change of coal thickness stability. The results showed that the No. 2 coal seam belonged to a relatively stable coal seam with a monoclinal structure trending NE and inclining NW. Under this background, secondary undulation with a NW axis was superposed. Three new typical structures were identified, namely, a local depression developed in the northeast part of the coal mine, a local dome developed in the north-central part of the coal mine, and a saddle shaped structure developed in the south of the coal mine with a NW-SE direction. In the northern part of the saddle shaped structure, several faults discovered during coal exploration and mining were superposed, which made the structure in the southern coal mine relatively complicated. The variation coefficient of coal thickness ranged from 0.16% to 15.24%, with an average of 1.98%. The variation coefficient of coal thickness gradually increases from north to south and reaches the maximum value near the Boreholes 12-7 and 12-8 in the southwestern coal mine. Within the recoverable area of coal seam, the thickness stability of coal seam gradually deteriorated from northeast to southwest. The saddle shaped structure was highly consistent with the high value area of coal thickness variation coefficient. Based on the classification of coal thickness and coal thickness variation coefficient, six combination schemes of coal thickness and stability were identified, and a partition evaluation of coal thickness and stability was realized. It revealed that the mining conditions in the eastern part of the recoverable area were better than those in the western part, with the worst occur in the southwest. The change of coal thickness was exacerbated by the saddle shaped structure. The research results would provide geological support for safe, efficient, and accurate mining of thin coal seam.
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表 1 煤厚及稳定性组合方案
Table 1. Combination scheme of coal thickness and stability
煤厚分类 变异系数
分类组合
方案描述 Ⅰ（＞0.9 m） Ⅰ（＜1%） Ⅰ-Ⅰ 煤厚大，稳定 Ⅱ（0.8~0.9 m） Ⅱ（1%~2%） Ⅰ-Ⅱ 煤厚大，较稳定 Ⅲ（＞2%） Ⅰ-Ⅲ 煤厚大，较不稳定 Ⅱ-Ⅰ 煤厚稍小，稳定 Ⅱ-Ⅱ 煤厚稍小，较稳定 Ⅱ-Ⅲ 煤厚稍小，较不稳定 
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