SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF GEOLOGICAL DISASTERS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS: A Case Study of Mabian County in Sichuan Province
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摘要:
山区地质灾害不仅破坏山区环境, 损毁耕地、房屋及公共设施, 还威胁人民的生命和财产安全, 制约山区经济发展. 为减轻地质灾害的发生和降低人类生命财产的损失和环境的破坏, 提高马边县地质灾害区的防灾减灾能力, 通过野外调查、数据统计和GIS空间分析等方法, 运用定性和定量结合法研究了马边县地质灾害时空分布与地形地貌、地质构造、降雨条件等3大类和海拔、坡向、坡度、坡型、岩性、断裂、降雨和人为活动8小类因素的关系. 结果表明: 1)马边县地质灾害以滑坡灾害为主, 崩塌次之, 泥石流最少, 在时间上和空间上分布具有不均匀性; 2)地形地貌因子敏感区间为海拔700~900 m之间, 坡向为东和东南向, 坡度为20~25°之间, 坡型为凸型坡为主; 3)地质构造因子敏感区间是岩性以泥岩为主, 构造带以距离断层中心线小于1 km范围为主; 4)降雨量的敏感区间在低山区为1 100~1 300 mm之间, 中高山区为1 300~1 500 mm之间; 5)人为活动因素已不可忽视.
Abstract:To reduce the occurrence of geological disasters, minimize the loss of human life and property and the destruction of environment, and improve the ability of disaster prevention and reduction in geological disaster area, through field survey, data statistics and GIS spatial analysis, the qualitative and quantitative combination method is used to study the relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of geological disasters and three categories of factors, i.e. landform, geological structure and rainfall, as well as eight subcategories such as elevation, slope aspect, slope gradient, slope type, lithology, fault, rainfall and human activities. The results indicate that the geological disasters in Mabian County are mainly landslides, followed by collapses, and least debris flows, showing uneven spatial and temporal distribution. The sensitive intervals of topographic factors include the elevation of 700-900 m, slope aspect of east and southeast, slope gradient of 20-25° and slope type of mainly convex slope. The sensitive geological structural factors include the lithology of mainly mudstone, and tectonic zones less than 1 km away from the fault centerline. The sensitive interval of rainfall is 1100-1300 mm in low mountain area and 1300-1500 mm in middle and high mountain areas. Human activity is also a nonnegligible factor.
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Key words:
- geohazard /
- spatiotemporal distribution /
- topography /
- geological structure /
- landslide /
- rainfall /
- Sichuan Province
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表 1 马边县地质灾害行政区划统计
Table 1. Distribution of geohazards by geographical divisions in Mabian County
乡镇 面积/km2 崩塌 滑坡 泥石流 不稳斜坡 点密度/（个/km2） 民建镇 85.46 2 20 0 5 0.3159 劳动乡 71.19 9 34 0 2 0.6321 下溪镇 63.29 5 13 0 1 0.3002 荣丁镇 87.83 3 12 0 0 0.1708 苏坝镇 92.21 10 10 0 2 0.2386 烟峰镇 21.36 11 2 3 6 1.0299 老河坝乡 58.55 1 3 1 1 0.1025 三河口乡 24.61 2 6 0 5 0.5282 雪口山乡 131.18 4 14 1 4 0.1753 永红乡 214.31 1 8 2 1 0.0513 大竹堡乡 125.92 1 5 0 0 0.0477 高卓营乡 82.54 2 3 0 1 0.0727 建设乡 61.98 5 11 0 5 0.3388 梅子坝乡 87.25 0 3 1 2 0.0573 荍坝乡 164.43 3 19 1 4 0.1642 沙腔乡 82.72 9 5 1 5 0.2418 石梁乡 38.22 1 2 0 0 0.0785 镇江庙乡 51.43 0 4 0 0 0.0778 民主乡 172.10 3 0 0 2 0.0291 袁家溪乡 83.71 1 1 0 0 0.0239 
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表 2 地层岩性与地质灾害分布统计
Table 2. Distribution of geohazards in lithological formations
工程地质岩类 岩组 崩塌 滑坡 不稳定斜坡 泥石流 松散岩类 砂砾、砂土、碎石、卵石为主的松散岩组 4 16 11 1 软弱岩类 泥岩为主的软弱岩组 40 126 23 6 半坚硬岩类 砂岩为主的半坚硬岩类 14 15 6 1 坚硬岩类 白云岩和灰岩为主的碳酸盐岩坚硬岩组 13 9 5 0 玄武岩坚硬岩组 4 3 0 0
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