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摘要:
古巴位于加勒比板块东北缘, 矿产资源丰富, 主要矿产有镍、铬、铜、铁、锰. 其中, 镍储量占世界已探明储量的1/3左右. 2017年古巴是全球第十大镍生产国, 亦是全球第五大钴生产国. 古巴的油气储量也比较丰富. 从现有区域成矿特征及矿点分布来看, 古巴东南部的奥尔金省、格拉玛省和圣地亚哥省等地区可能是未来最有前景的镍钴矿和锰矿找矿地区; 北古巴前陆盆地及沿海、近海区是油气勘探和开发的未来突破区域. 古巴与我国关系良好, 是我国矿业公司从事海外资源开发的重要目的地. 笔者依托"一带一路"矿产资源信息采集与相关资料综合分析, 对古巴的地质、矿产及矿业开发现状进行综述, 并总结该国矿产分布规律, 为我国投资古巴矿产勘查和矿业开发提供可借鉴的建议.
Abstract:The Republic of Cuba, located in the northeastern margin of Caribbean plate, is rich in mineral resources, including nickel, chromium, copper, iron and manganese, among which, nickel reserves account for about one third of the world's proved reserves, with rich oil-gas reserves as well. In 2017, Cuba ranked the world's tenth largest producer of nickel and fifth largest producer of cobalt. According to the existing regional metallogenic characteristics and mineral distribution, the southeastern provinces of Holguin, Granma and Santiago would be the most promising areas for nickel, cobalt and manganese exploration in the future. The foreland basin of northern Cuba and nearshore zones are the future breakthrough areas for oil-gas exploration and development. Having a good relation with China, Cuba is an important destination for Chinese mining companies to engage in overseas resource development. Based on the "Belt and Road" mineral information collection, comprehensive research project data and integrated analysis of relevant data, the paper summarizes the geology, mineral resources and distributions, as well as mining development status of Cuba, which provides references for Chinese investment in mineral exploration and mining development in Cuba.
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Key words:
- Cuba /
- geology and mineral resources /
- nickel-cobalt /
- mining industry
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表 1 古巴2012—2016年矿产品贸易产量一览表
Table 1. Trade output of mineral products of Cuba during 2012-2016
矿产品名称 单位 2012年 2013年 2014年 2015年 2016年 金属 钴 t 4900 4200 3700 4300 5100 镍 t 68000 55600 51600 56400 51600 原钢 t 277000 267200 257700 221800 205000 工业矿产 水凝水泥 t 1824800 1659000 1579900 1517800 1492600 膨润土 t 670 335 700 500 389 高岭土 t 4000 3600 1700 1500 2500 长石 t 3800 3200 3600 3300 3900 石膏 103t 131 87 98 91 74 石灰 t 54100 52400 51500 51500 48600 氮、氨 t 59200 63700 58600 58500 40000 盐 103t 216 222 243 285 248 二氧化硅 103m3 25000 26000 47000 25000 19000 石灰岩 103t 2800 2800 2000 1900 1900 大理石 m3 13000 16000 18000 13000 16000 硫酸, 硫化物 103t 399 409 404 406 533 沸石类 t 41900 43800 43100 50800 52800 矿物燃料 销售的天然气 103m3 1034500 1066000 1199900 1244500 1185400 原油 103BBL 21982 21235 21296 20685 20700 沥青 103BBL 500 500 370 380 400 石油焦 103BBL 7 100 70 50 50 汽油 103BBL 3500 5700 4700 3800 3800 燃料油 103BBL 19000 18000 17000 17000 17000 煤油 103BBL 240 220 190 220 200 液化石油气 103BBL 480 860 780 590 600 润滑油 103BBL 330 330 350 350 350 轻油 103BBL 2100 1400 1800 2000 2000 资料来源：2016 Minerals Yearbook of Cuba，2020. 1 BBL≈137 kg. 
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