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摘要:
欧盟基于《原材料倡议》(Raw Materials Initiative)第四次更新关键原材料清单, 新的名录中收录了30种原材料, 较2017年版本增加了4个新项目(锂、铝土矿、钛、锶), 减少了氦元素. 新的关键原材料清单和相关研究文件的出炉, 是欧盟原材料供给多元化战略的重要延续, 也是对促进欧盟《绿色交易》(Green Deal)2050年实现气候中立的进一步支撑. 本文从欧盟对矿产品需求、关键原材料供应对外依赖度、关键原材料供应链安全稳定性三大背景出发, 将欧盟第四次更新关键原材料清单与以前版本对比, 总结当前欧盟关键原材料清单评估办法和欧盟有关矿产产业政策, 并基于中国、美国、欧盟三大经济体关键(战略性)矿产耦合关系, 结合中国实际分别提出加强国际矿业市场布局、增强国内资源需求的保障能力、提升全产业链增值能力、提升选冶技术和提高回收利用率等启示.
Abstract:The European Union (EU) has updated the list of critical raw materials (CRM) for the fourth time based on the Raw Materials Initiative(RMI). The new list includes 30 raw materials, with 4 new items (lithium, bauxite, titanium and strontium) added and one (helium) reduced compared with the 2017 version. The release of the new list and related research documents is an important continuation of the EU supply diversification strategy of raw materials and also further support for the EU's Green Deal to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Starting from the three backgrounds, i.e. the EU's demand for mineral products, the external dependence on the CRM supply, and the security and stability of CRM supply chain, the paper summarizes the current assessment methods of CRM list and relevant mineral industry policies in EU by comparing the fourth update of CRM list with previous versions, and puts forward the enlightenment of strengthening the international mining market layout, enhancing the ability to guarantee the domestic resource demand, the value-added capacity of the whole industry chain, as well as the technology of metallurgy and recycling based on the coupling relationship of critical (strategic) minerals between the three economies of China, the United States and EU, and the actual situation of China.
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Key words:
- critical raw material /
- demand for mineral product /
- external dependence /
- supply chain /
- mineral industry policy /
- EU
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表 1 欧盟2020关键原材料清单
Table 1. EU list of critical raw materials (2020)
锶*、钛*、铝土矿*、锂*、锑、轻稀土元素、磷、重晶石、镓、镁、钪、铍、锗、天然石墨、金属硅、铋、铪、天然橡胶、硼酸盐、钽、铌、钨、钴、重稀土、铂族金属、钒、焦煤、铟、磷酸盐岩、萤石 注：*为在2017年清单基础上2020年新增. 
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