CHARACTERISTICS AND METALLOGENIC REGULARITY OF ANTIMONY DEPOSITS IN INNER MONGOLIA
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摘要:
通过对内蒙古地区锑矿床地质特征的总结及典型锑矿床地质特征的详细研究，对比中国典型锑矿床控矿因素，从成矿大地构造背景、含矿岩系、控矿构造等方面对该地区锑矿的成矿规律进行初步探讨，认为内蒙古地区锑矿的成因类型可以划分为碎屑岩地层中热液型、火山热液型两种类型；各矿床中含矿岩系多为晚古生代泥盆系至二叠系之间，具有近东西向线性分布的特征；矿（化）体主要受控于近东西向断裂构造带，成矿作用可能与板块碰撞过程中的俯冲增生造山作用有关；滨海相、浅海相、半深海相或海陆交互相沉积环境下的还原条件中形成的暗色细碎屑岩系是赋矿的有利层位；锑矿热液的形成可能与深部偏幔源-幔源的构造岩浆活动有关.
Abstract:Based on the study of geological characteristics of antimony deposits in Inner Mongolia and typical antimony deposits, with comparison of the ore-controlling factors between typical antimony deposits in China, the paper discusses the metallogenic regularity of antimony deposits in Inner Mongolia from the aspects of metallogenic tectonic background, ore-bearing rock series and ore-controlling structure. It is considered that the antimony deposits in Inner Mongolia can be classified into hydrothermal type in clastic strata and volcanic hydrothermal type. The ore-bearing rock series in these deposits were mostly formed in Late Paleozoic Devonian-Permian, with the characteristics of nearly E-W linear distribution. The ore/mineralized bodies are mainly controlled by the nearly E-W-trending fault belt, and the mineralization may be related to the subduction-accretion orogeny during plate collision. The dark fine clastic rock series formed in the reduction conditions of littoral facies, neritic facies, bathyal facies or interactive marine-terrestrial sedimentary environment are the favorable horizon for ore-hosting rocks. The formation of antimony hydrothermal solution may be related to the deep mantle-mantle source tectonic magmatic activity.
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Key words:
- antimony deposit /
- typical deposit /
- genetic type /
- metallogenic regularity /
- Inner Mongolia
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表 1 内蒙古自治区锑矿资源概况
Table 1. Summary of antimony resources in Inner Mongolia
矿床（点）名称 地理位置 矿床规模 阿木乌苏锑矿 额济纳旗 小型 鹿咀子锑矿 额济纳旗 小型 红石山南锑矿 额济纳旗 小型 阿德格色格色格东锑矿 阿拉善左旗 矿点 呼布敦陶勒盖锑矿 东乌珠穆沁旗 中型 前地锑矿 林西县 矿点 
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表 2 内蒙古锑矿床（点）地质特征简表
Table 2. Geological characteristics of Sb deposits/occurrences in Inner Mongolia
序号 矿床（点）名称 成矿区带位置 大地构造背景 控矿因素 主矿体特征 成矿时代 含矿岩系 控矿构造 岩浆岩 规模 产状 平均品位 1 鹿咀子锑矿 阿木乌苏-老硐沟金、钨、锑Ⅳ级成矿带 Ⅲ-2-1柳园裂谷（C-P） 下石炭统红柳园组 北东向断裂构造 二叠纪辉长岩 长127 m，厚度1.16 m 130°∠53° 16.80% 276.6 Ma 2 阿木乌苏锑矿 阿木乌苏-老硐沟金、钨、锑Ⅳ级成矿带 Ⅲ-2-1柳园裂谷（C-P） 中二叠统金塔组 北西—北西西向断裂构造 二叠纪辉长岩、石英闪长岩 延长160 m，延深130 m，厚度0.6 m 170°∠75° 6.06% 3 红石山南锑矿 阿木乌苏-老硐沟金、钨、锑Ⅳ级成矿带 Ⅲ-2-1柳园裂谷（C-P） 长城系古硐井岩群 北东东向韧性剪切带构造 二叠纪辉长岩、石英脉 延长260 m，延深约90 m，厚度0.1~0.4 （160~170°）∠（60~70°） 1.0%~6.78% 272.4 Ma 4 阿德格色格色格东锑矿 石板井-呼伦西白金、铜、铅、锌、锑Ⅳ级成矿带 Ⅰ-9-2红石山裂谷(C) 下二叠统双堡塘组 北东向断裂构造 石英脉 延长200 m，延深80 m，真厚度2.5 m 310°∠35° 1.97% 5 呼布敦陶勒盖锑矿 博克图-朝不楞钨、铁、锌、铅多金属Ⅳ级成矿带 Ⅰ-1-4扎兰屯-多宝山岛弧 上泥盆统安格尔音乌拉组 近东西向层间断裂构造 闪长岩脉 长1900 m，延深500 m，厚度3.96 m （163~192°）∠（37~80°） 1.23% 6 前地锑矿 莲花山-大井子铜、银、铅、锌四级成矿带 Ⅰ-1-6锡林浩特岩浆弧（Pz2） 上二叠统林西组 近东西向断裂构造 斑状石英闪长岩脉 控制延长90 m，延深120 m，厚度2.41 m （180~200°）∠（80~84°） 1.42%
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