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摘要:
采用层次分析法对科尔沁沙地西北缘地质环境、生态环境、社会环境进行分析, 构建一套以适应农牧业发展为目标层的评价指标体系, 并计算区域生态地质环境质量的综合指数, 对生态地质环境状况进行评价. 通过对评价结果统计认为: 生态环境较比地质环境、社会环境对整个评价结果的影响更大, 其中土地质量是最主要因素; 研究区所有的评价单元中有86%处于中等及偏下的水平. 该研究结果对正确认识研究区生态地质环境具有重要的意义.
Abstract:In this study, the geological, ecological and social environment of the northwest margin of Horqin sandy land are analyzed by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). An evaluation index system is established to adapt to the development of agriculture and animal husbandry as target layer, and the comprehensive indexes of regional eco-geological environment quality are calculated to evaluate the eco-geological environment. According to the results, it is considered that the eco-environment impacts on the whole evaluation results more than the geological and social environment does, with land quality as the key factor. Of all the evaluation units in the study area, 86% are at a medium or lower level. The results are of great significance to correctly understand the eco-geological environment of the area.
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Key words:
- analytic hierarchy process /
- eco-geology /
- environment evaluation /
- GIS /
- Horqin sandy land /
- Inner Mongolia
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表 1 生态地质环境评价指标体系一览表
Table 1. Value and grading of eco-geological environment evaluation inde
目标层（A） 准则层（B） 指标层（C） 分级标准及阈值（P） 良好（4） 较好（3） 中等（2） 较差（1） 科尔沁沙地西北缘生态地质环境评价 地质环境B1 高程C1/m 255~400 400~475 475~635 635~739 坡度C2/（°） 0~5 5~10 10~15 15~25 坡向C3 阴坡 半阴坡 半阳坡 阳坡 断裂带线密度C4/km-1 1.83~2.44 1.21~1.83 0.61~1.21 0~0.61 岩石风化程度C5 全风化 强风化 中风化 弱风化 生态环境B2 水网密度C6/km-1 1.97~2.63 1.31~1.97 0.66~1.31 0~0.66 土壤有机质含量C7/10-3 ＞30 20~30 10~20 ＜10 土地利用类型C8 耕地 林地 草地 砂地 社会环境B3 人口密度C9/（人/km2） ＜100 100~200 200~500 ＞500 资源开发程度C10 未开发 轻度开发 中度开发 重度开发 交通通达性C11/km-1 1.31~1.75 0.87~1.31 0.44~0.87 0~0.44 
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表 2 判断矩阵
Table 2. Judgment matrix
A B1 B2 … Bn B1 b11 b12 … b1n B2 b21 b22 … b2n … … … … … Bn bn1 bn2 … bnn
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表 3 标度及含义
Table 3. Scale and representation
标度值 含义 1 两个因素相比，具有相同的重要性 3 两个因素相比，一个因素比另一个因素稍微重要 5 两个因素相比，一个因素比另一个因素明显重要 7 两个因素相比，一个因素比另一个因素强烈重要 9 两个因素相比，一个因素比另一个因素极端重要 2/4/6/8 分别为上述相邻判断的中值 倒数 一个因素比另一个因素不重要程度的描述
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表 4 随机一致性指标
Table 4. Random consistency index
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RI 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.90 1.12 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.45 1.49
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表 5 准则层B相对于目标层A的判断矩阵及权重
Table 5. Judgment matrix and weight of criterion layer (B) to target layer (A)
A B1 B2 B3 权重 B1 1.00 0.25 0.50 0.14 B2 4.00 1.00 3.00 0.63 B3 2.00 0.33 1.00 0.23 注：λmax＝3.018.
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表 6 指标层C对准则层B1的判断矩阵及权重
Table 6. Judgment matrix and weight of index layer (C) to criterion layer (B1)
B1 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 权重 C1 1.00 3.00 0.20 7.00 0.50 0.16 C2 0.33 1.00 0.20 3.00 0.20 0.07 C3 5.00 5.00 1.00 7.00 3.00 0.49 C4 0.14 0.33 0.14 1.00 0.25 0.04 C5 2.00 5.00 0.33 4.00 1.00 0.23 注：一致性比例0.0850，λmax＝5.3808.
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表 7 指标层C对准则层B2的判断矩阵及权重
Table 7. Judgment matrix and weight of index layer (C) to criterion layer (B2)
B2 C6 C7 C8 权重 C6 1.00 0.25 0.33 0.12 C7 4.00 1.00 2.00 0.56 C8 3.00 0.50 1.00 0.32 注：一致性比例0.0176，λmax＝3.0183.
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表 8 指标层C对准则层B3的判断矩阵及权重
Table 8. Judgment matrix and weight of index layer (C) to criterion layer (B3)
B3 C9 C10 C11 权重 C9 1.00 3.00 0.33 0.27 C10 0.33 1.00 0.25 0.12 C11 3.00 4.00 1.00 0.61 注：一致性比例0.0707，λmax＝3.0735.
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表 9 指标层C对目标层A的综合权重
Table 9. Comprehensive weight of index layer (C) to target layer (A)
A 综合权重 位数 C1 0.0223 9 C10 0.1465 3 C11 0.028 8 C2 0.01 10 C3 0.0672 5 C4 0.0055 11 C5 0.0316 7 C6 0.0762 4 C7 0.349 1 C8 0.1998 2 C9 0.064 6
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表 10 生态地质环境质量划分标准
Table 10. Classification criterion of eco-geological environment quality
生态地质环境等级 Ⅰ（好） Ⅱ（较好） Ⅲ（中） Ⅳ（较差） Ⅴ（差） 生态地质环境质量指数（M） ＞10 9~10 8~9 7~8 ＜7
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