INTEGRATED RESTORATION ZONING OF MOUNTAIN-RIVER-FOREST-FARMLAND-LAKE-GRASSLAND BASED ON MAN-LAND COUPLING COORDINATION: A Case Study of Lishu County in Jilin Province
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摘要:
吉林省梨树县地处东北黑土平原腹地, 是黑土地保护的示范区域, 发挥着多种生态系统功能. 基于土地利用类型、遥感影像等数据, 形成以小流域为基本单元的生态功能重要性、人类活动强度与生态系统服务价值耦合度等的聚类分析结果. 根据分析结果, 将该区域分为6个生态修复单元, 分别为: 东辽河流域中游农田保护修复区; 南部生态保护修复区; 东南部水源涵养保护区; 西部防风固沙、人地协调保护修复区; 中西部水土保持、人地协调修复区; 中东部水源涵养修复区. 在明确各分区主导生态环境问题的基础上分区施策, 提出水环境生态修复、增加水源涵养林等措施, 保证区域粮食安全, 为类似的生态修复研究提供参考.
Abstract:Lishu County of Jilin Province, located in the hinterland of Northeast China black soil plain, is a demonstration area for black land protection and plays multiple ecosystem functions. The cluster analysis results of ecological function importance, coupling degree of human activity intensity and ecosystem service value with small watershed as the basic unit are formed on the basis of data such as land use types and remote sensing images. According to the analysis results, the study area is divided into 6 ecological restoration units, including farmland protection and restoration area in the middle reaches of East Liaohe River Basin, ecological protection and restoration area in the south, water conservation area in the southeast, wind prevention and sand fixation and human-land coordinated protection restoration area in the west, soil water conservation and human-land coordinated restoration area in the central and western region, and water conservation restoration area in the central and eastern region. On the basis of clarifying the leading ecological and environmental problems in each unit, measures such as water environment ecological restoration and increasing water conservation forests are put forward to ensure the regional food security and provide references for similar ecological restoration study.
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表 1 生态系统服务的单位面积价值系数表
Table 1. Unit area value coefficients of ecosystem service
服务功能生态系统 一级分类 耕地 森林 草地 水域 二级分类 旱地 水田 乔木林地 灌木林地 其他林地 其他草地 水系 供给服务 食物生产 0.85 1.36 0.29 0.19 0.31 0.38 0.66 原料生产 0.4 0.09 0.66 0.43 0.71 0.56 0.37 水资源供给 0.02 -2.63 0.34 0.22 0.37 0.31 5.44 调解服务 气体调节 0.67 1.11 2.17 1.41 2.35 1.97 1.34 气候调节 0.36 0.57 6.5 4.23 7.03 5.21 2.95 净化环境 0.1 0.17 1.93 1.28 1.99 1.72 4.58 水文调节 0.27 2.27 4.74 3.35 3.51 3.82 63.23 支持服务 土壤保持 1.03 0.01 2.65 1.72 2.86 2.4 1.62 维持养分循环 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.12 生物多样性 0.13 0.21 2.41 1.57 2.6 2.18 5.21 文化服务 美学景观 0.06 0.09 1.06 0.69 1.14 0.96 3.31 
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表 2 耦合协调度等级分类及类型
Table 2. Classification and types of coupling coordination degree
协调程度 耦合协调度 耦合协调类型 失调衰退 0~0.1 极度失调 0.10~0.20 严重失调 濒临失调 0.20~0.30 中度失调 0.30~0.40 轻度失调 勉强协调 0.40~0.50 濒临失调 0.50~0.60 勉强协调 基本协调 0.60~0.70 初级协调 0.70~0.80 中级协调 高度协调 0.80~0.90 良好协调 0.90~1.00 高度协调
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表 3 聚类分析指标体系表
Table 3. Index system of cluster analysis
指标类型 指标 小流域从属 东辽河流域 招苏台河流域 生态功能重要性 防风固沙 生物多样性保护 水源涵养 土壤保持 耦合协调度 耦合协调类型
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表 4 流域划分结果表
Table 4. Results of watershed division
流域编号 流域面积/km2 流域编号 流域面积/km2 流域编号 流域面积/km2 ① 554.0358 ⑥ 45.7846 ⑪ 100.2569 ② 81.4292 ⑦ 844.2557 ⑫ 68.1513 ③ 22.1093 ⑧ 180.9415 ⑬ 68.6457 ④ 36.6328 ⑨ 507.8951 ⑭ 124.3544 ⑤ 249.0919 ⑩ 38.6121 ⑮ 46.0331
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表 5 梨树县生态功能重要性分级及面积统计表
Table 5. Classification and area statistics of ecological function importance in Lishu County
重要性分级 水源涵养/km2（占比） 水土保持/km2（占比） 防风固沙/km2（占比） 生物多样性/km2（占比） 极重要 937.0584（31.70%） 838.449（28.36%） 2723.2182（92.11%） 620.6103（20.99%） 重要 766.4426（25.92%） 1109.2176（37.52%） 113.6646（3.85%） 849.8745（28.75%） 一般重要 1252.8936（42.38%） 1020.6937（34.52） 129.5118（4.38%） 1492.5888（50.49%）
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表 6 梨树县各小流域生态系统ESV统计表
Table 6. ESV statistics of small watershed ecosystems in Lishu County
小流域编号 供给服务 调解服务 支持服务 文化服务 合计 ① 2.1406 20.3729 2.3234 0.9391 25.7759 ② 0.3238 3.0819 0.3519 0.1421 3.8997 ③ 0.0735 0.7069 0.0918 0.0337 0.9059 ④ 0.1211 1.1668 0.1520 0.0558 1.4957 ⑤ 0.8925 8.5555 1.0499 0.4020 10.8999 ⑥ 0.1578 1.5329 0.1855 0.0718 1.9480 ⑦ 3.2560 31.2414 3.6592 1.4503 39.6069 ⑧ 0.7347 6.9956 0.7884 0.3215 8.8401 ⑨ 2.0304 19.5390 2.2156 0.8997 24.6851 ⑩ 0.1561 1.4856 0.1677 0.0683 1.8777 ⑪ 0.3949 3.8092 0.4286 0.1750 4.8078 ⑫ 0.2516 2.6617 0.2877 0.1214 3.3224 ⑬ 0.2423 2.6756 0.2858 0.1218 3.3255 ⑭ 0.4642 4.7729 0.5309 0.2191 5.9871 ⑮ 0.1729 1.6743 0.1956 0.0777 2.1205 单位：亿元.
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表 7 梨树县各小流域人类活动强度统计表
Table 7. Statistics of human activity intensity in small watersheds of Lishu County
流域编号 人类活动强度 流域编号 人类活动强度 流域编号 人类活动强度 ① 256.5438 ⑥ 250.069 ⑪ 255.0949 ② 255.2882 ⑦ 251.3688 ⑫ 253.5761 ③ 245.7917 ⑧ 254.344 ⑬ 253.8434 ④ 245.3053 ⑨ 253.6553 ⑭ 252.4991 ⑤ 249.4269 ⑩ 254.1903 ⑮ 251.5656
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表 8 梨树县各小流域耦合协调程度统计表
Table 8. Statistics of coupling and coordination degree of small watersheds in Lishu County
流域编号 协调等级 耦合协调程度 流域编号 协调等级 耦合协调程度 流域编号 协调等级 耦合协调程度 ① 10 优质协调 ⑥ 6 勉强失调 ⑪ 10 优质协调 ② 10 优质协调 ⑦ 8 中级协调 ⑫ 10 优质协调 ③ 2 严重失调 ⑧ 10 优质协调 ⑬ 10 优质协调 ④ 2 严重失调 ⑨ 10 优质协调 ⑭ 9 良好协调 ⑤ 7 初级协调 ⑩ 10 优质协调 ⑮ 8 中级协调
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表 9 梨树县生态保护分区结果
Table 9. Zoning results of ecological protection in Lishu County
修复分区编号 修复单元编号 单元名称 面积/km2 占比/% 行政单元 Ⅰ Ⅰ 东辽河流域中游农田保护修复区 812.2102 27.36 国营梨树农场、小宽镇、双河乡、金山镇、小城子镇 Ⅱ Ⅱ1 南部生态保护修复区 689.5535 23.22 胜利乡、四棵树镇、喇嘛甸镇、梨树镇、白山镇 Ⅱ2 东南部水源涵养保护区 120.2910 4.05 蔡家镇 Ⅲ Ⅲ 西部防风固沙、人地协调保护修复区 559.8334 18.84 刘家馆子镇、林海镇 Ⅳ Ⅳ1 中西部水土保持、人地协调修复区 451.9569 15.21 沈洋镇、榆树台镇 Ⅳ2 中东部水源涵养修复区 334.4581 11.25 泉眼岭乡、万发镇、东河镇
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