PROSPECTING PROGRESS AND EXPLORATION DIRECTION OF COPPER DEPOSITS IN NORTHERN DAXINGANLING MOUNTAINS
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摘要:
大兴安岭北段是大兴安岭成矿带的重要组成部分, 其中铜矿是北段的主要矿种, 以斑岩型为主, 矿床规模大, 经济价值和科学研究意义重大. 本文在系统总结大兴安岭北段区域地质背景、不同时代铜矿床成矿地质作用的的基础上, 综述了大兴安岭北段近年来找矿勘查的新成果, 并提出额尔古纳地块西缘、兴安地块东南缘及两地块缝合带处是寻找铜矿的重要方向, “就矿找矿”“攻深找盲”也是大兴安岭北段铜矿勘查的重点.
Abstract:The northern Daxinganling Mountains is an important part of Daxinganling metallogenic belt, where copper is the main mineral, dominated by porphyry type, large in scale, with great economic value and scientific research significance. Based on the systematic summary of regional geological background and mineralization process of copper deposits in different ages in northern Daxinganling Mountains, the paper summarizes the new exploration results in the area in recent years, and points out that the western margin of Ergun block, southeastern margin of Xing'an block, and suture zone of the two blocks are important for copper deposit prospecting. Attention should be also paid nearby the existing deposits and blind orebodies in the deep for the exploration of copper deposits in northern Daxinganling Mountains.
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Key words:
- copper deposit /
- Ergun block /
- Xing'an block /
- metallogenic belt /
- ore prospecting /
- Daxinganling Mountains
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表 1 大兴安岭北段典型铜多金属矿床特征
Table 1. Characteristics of typical copper polymetallic deposits in northern Daxinganling Mountains
矿床名称 地质背景 成矿时代 规模 成因类型 资料来源 多宝山 赋矿围岩为下—中奥陶统多宝山组，成矿岩体为早奥陶世花岗闪长岩及花岗闪长斑岩，矿床受北西向断裂构造控制；矿区内有晚三叠世更长花岗岩、角闪辉长岩产出，并零星发育黄铁矿化、绢云母化、绿帘石化、绿泥石化等蚀变；矿床经历晚三叠世铜矿化作用叠加 475±5.1 Ma、475.8±2.8 Ma、230.9±2.3 Ma 大型 斑岩型 文献[38-39] 铜山 赋矿围岩为下—中奥陶统多宝山组及铜山组，成矿岩体为早奥陶世花岗闪长岩，矿床受北西向断裂构造控制；英云闪长岩侵入多宝山组安山岩，可见绢云母化、碳酸盐化、高岭土化以及浸染状黄铁矿化等蚀变；矿床经历晚三叠世铜矿化作用叠加 472.4±2.9 Ma、229.4±3.5 Ma 大型 斑岩型 文献[40] 八大关 赋矿围岩为中上泥盆统大民山组流纹质火山岩和石炭系—二叠系小河里河群的凝灰砂岩、凝灰岩、安山岩夹炭质板岩及绿泥片岩，矿体主要产于晚三叠世花岗闪长斑岩内部，其次产于花岗闪长斑岩与围岩内接触带；矿床受褶皱轴部断裂构造控制 226.7±2.4 Ma、228.7±3.1 Ma 中型 斑岩型 文献[12-13, 41] 太平川 矿区围岩主要为新元古代粗—巨斑状中粒黑云母（钾长）二长花岗岩，赋矿岩石为晚三叠世花岗闪长斑岩，受北西向断裂构造控制 202.1±9.4 Ma、193.5±5.1 Ma 中型 斑岩型 文献[42] 乌奴格吐山 矿区围岩为中泥盆统乌奴耳组结晶灰岩、砂板岩，成矿后地层为上侏罗统满克头鄂博组酸性火山岩；侵入岩为晚三叠世黑云母花岗岩、花岗斑岩及含矿斑岩体早侏罗世二长花岗斑岩，矿体受二长花岗斑岩体控制，产于北西和北东两组断裂交汇部位 178±1 Ma、177.6±1.2 Ma 大型 斑岩型 文献[15, 43] 460高地 矿区内大面积出露晚三叠世—早侏罗世正长花岗岩及花岗闪长岩，脉岩主要有花岗细晶岩、花岗斑岩、闪长岩、闪长玢岩、石英等；北西向断裂为容矿构造 179.2±1.1 Ma 大型 斑岩型 文献[16] 三矿沟 矿区地层主要为奥陶系中统铜山组、多宝山组，下统裸河组，以及泥盆系中统腰桑南组，其中多宝山组是主要的矿源层；与成矿有关的侵入岩主要为早侏罗世花岗闪长岩 （200±1）~（185.7±3.2）Ma 小型 夕卡岩型 文献[44] 小柯勒河 矿区围岩为上奥陶统—上志留统吉祥沟组粉砂质板岩、变质砂岩和上侏罗统白音高老组酸性火山岩，侵入岩为晚侏罗世含矿花岗闪长斑岩及流纹斑岩，矿体受北东和北西两断裂交汇控制 147.3±0.8 Ma 大型 斑岩型 文献[18] 富克山 矿区分布早侏罗世二长花岗岩、石英二长岩和少量的花岗闪长斑岩，石英闪长玢岩为含矿岩体并侵入二长花岗岩，闪长玢岩和安山玢岩为成矿后脉岩；矿体主要受北西断裂控制 148.0±2.8 Ma 小型 斑岩型 文献[18] 霍洛台 矿区分布中-新元古界兴华渡口群兴华组二云斜长片麻岩、斜长角闪岩，侵入岩为晚侏罗世二长花岗岩及似斑状二长花岗岩；矿体产于似斑状二长花岗岩内，并受北东和北西向两组断裂交汇控制 146.9±2.3 Ma 小型 斑岩型 文献[45] 1077高地 矿区地层为上侏罗统满克头鄂博组酸性火山岩，侵入岩为晚侏罗世花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩、石英闪长岩，花岗闪长斑岩与成矿关系密切 晚侏罗世 中型 斑岩型 李成禄等➊ 770高地 晚侏罗世花岗岩为主，另有少量花岗闪长岩、闪长玢岩、花岗斑岩等产出，发育北东向断裂构造 晚侏罗世 中型 斑岩型 张徐平等➋ 六九山 矿区主要出露下白垩统光华组酸性火山岩，侵入岩主要为不规则状或岩株状产出的花岗闪长岩，伴有呈脉状产出的正长斑岩、闪长玢岩等；矿区构造以北东向和北西向断裂发育为特征，两者联合控制火山机构分布，矿床发育在矿区东南部火山口的一侧 109~126 Ma 中型 斑岩型 文献[46] 
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