HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUNDWATER IN KARST MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF GUIZHOU PROVINCE
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摘要:
基于贵州省找水打井工程1 067口钻孔的水质检测数据, 运用描述性统计分析、变异系数、Piper图、舒卡列夫分类、Gibbs图及离子比例系数等方法对研究区喀斯特水化学及分布特征进行分析, 并探讨了主要离子成分的来源及其形成作用. 研究结果表明, 研究区地下水中阳离子以Ca2+、Mg2+为主, 阴离子以HCO3-为主, 地下水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca·Mg型; 地下水化学组分主要来源于碳酸盐岩的溶滤作用, Ca2+、Mg2+主要来自碳酸盐岩矿物的溶解, 且矿物成分对Ca2+、Mg2+含量起到控制作用; Na+、K+的主要来源除受岩盐溶滤作用影响, 还受其他含Na、K类矿物及人为作用的影响, 而阳离子交替吸附作用影响较小; SO42-主要来源于石膏等蒸发岩类的溶滤作用.
Abstract:Based on the water quality test data of 1 067 boreholes from the water-searching drilling project in Guizhou Province, the study uses the methods including descriptive statistical analysis, variation coefficient, Piper diagram, Schukalev classification, Gibbs diagram and ion ratio coefficient to analyze the hydrochemistry and distribution characteristics of karst water in the study area, and discusses the sources and formation of major ion compositions. The results show that the cations in the groundwater of study area are mainly Ca2+ and Mg2+, and the anions mainly HCO3-. The hydrochemical type of the groundwater is mainly of HCO3-Ca·Mg. The chemical compositions of the groundwater are mainly derived from the lixiviation of carbonate rocks, with Ca2+ and Mg2+ mainly from the dissolution of carbonate rock minerals, which constrain the content of Ca2+ and Mg2+. The main source of Na+ and K+ is affected by the lixiviation of rock salt, as well as other Na- and K-bearing minerals and human activities, while the cation exchange and adsorption has less effect. The anion of SO42- is mainly derived from the leaching of evaporation salts such as gypsum.
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Key words:
- karst mountainous area /
- groundwater /
- hydrochemical characteristics /
- lixiviation /
- Guizhou Province
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表 1 贵州省主要碳酸盐岩地层2007—2012年钻孔水化学类型统计表
Table 1. Hydrochemical type statistics of main carbonate rock strata based on the water-searching drilling project in Guizhou Province during 2007－2012
界 系 统 组 含水介质类型 钻孔数/个 水化学类型 HCO3-Ca·Mg HCO3-Ca HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg HCO3·SO4-Ca SO4-Ca·Mg 中生界 三叠系 中统 杨柳井组 白云岩、灰岩 16 14 1 1 关岭组 较纯碳酸盐岩 213 134 14 43 11 11 下统 嘉陵江组 纯灰岩 127 70 23 20 11 3 安顺组 纯白云岩 27 18 6 1 2 大冶组 纯灰岩 9 3 4 2 夜郎组玉龙山段 纯灰岩 24 5 13 1 5 古生界 二叠系 中统 栖霞组-茅口组 纯灰岩 45 9 21 5 10 石炭系 上统 黄龙组-马坪组 纯灰岩 17 3 14 下统 摆佐组 白云岩、灰岩 11 5 2 3 1 泥盆系 上统 高坡场组 纯白云岩 9 8 1 尧梭组 较纯碳酸盐岩 10 6 1 2 1 望城坡组 较纯碳酸盐岩 26 18 2 6 奥陶系 下统 桐梓组-红花园组 白云岩、灰岩 15 10 3 2 寒武系 上统 毛田组 白云岩、灰岩 2 2 追屯组 白云岩、灰岩 9 9 比条组 白云岩、灰岩 5 5 娄山关组 纯白云岩 385 361 7 14 1 2 中统 敖溪组 白云岩、灰岩 4 4 平井组 白云岩、灰岩 12 11 1 花桥组 白云岩、灰岩 2 2 石冷水组 较纯碳酸盐岩 7 7 高台组 不纯碳酸盐岩 64 57 1 3 3 下统 清虚洞组 白云岩、灰岩 23 19 4 新元古界 震旦系 上统 灯影组 纯白云岩 5 3 2 合计 1067 783 115 103 48 18 
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表 2 研究区地下水主要离子成分特征值统计表
Table 2. Eigenvalues statistics of major ion compositions in groundwater of the study area
指标 单位 最大值 最小值 均值 标准差 变异系数/% pH 8.73 6.45 7.38 0.28 3.8 TDS mg/L 2213.3 138.1 371.2 187.6 50.58 总硬度 mg/L 1866.5 38.4 333.4 167.2 50.18 K+ mg/L 16.3 * 1.3 1.4 107.7 % 14.1 * 1.1 Na+ mg/L 65.4 0.14 3.7 4.7 127.0 % 30.0 * 3.2 Ca2+ mg/L 523.1 10.1 80.9 46.0 56.9 % 95.9 33.5 68.0 Mg2+ mg/L 170.9 1.0 31.8 16.2 50.9 % 56.6 1.0 27.7 HCO3- mg/L 582.4 35.5 312 66.5 21.3 % 99.5 8.0 85.2 SO42- mg/L 1781.8 1.0 68.4 161.6 236.3 % 99.3 * 13.2 Cl- mg/L 33.7 * 5.8 4.8 82.8 % 8.0 * 1.5 * 表示离子浓度小于0.1 mg/L或百分含量小于1%. 百分数值为各离子占阳/阴离子总量百分数.
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表 3 不同含水介质中地下水的Ca2+/Mg2+均值
Table 3. Average Ca2+/Mg2+ values of groundwater in different aquifer media
含水介质 纯碳酸盐岩 较纯碳酸盐 不纯碳酸盐岩 纯灰岩 白云岩、灰岩 纯白云岩 均值 Ca2+/Mg2+均值 4.8 1.61 1.47 2.44 2.04 1.45
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