摘要:
利用野外取样调查法、室内化学分析法、污染评价及富集能力分析等方法,对冀中某铜矿废弃地土样和植物样品的铜、铅、锌、铬、镉和砷6种重金属离子含量进行检测,研究了该矿区土壤重金属污染情况以及优势植物重金属富集特征.结果表明:该铜矿废弃地土壤铜、砷含量超标,属铜、砷复合污染,其中采矿区铜含量达1870 mg·g-1,超出标准值4.675倍,砷含量达84 mg·kg-1,超出标准值2.1倍,土壤重度污染;运矿区和半山腰铜和砷含量表现不同程度的超标,为轻度复合污染;厂区及周边村庄土壤6种重金属含量均未超标,为安全状态.9种优势植物中刺儿菜、虎尾草、葎草地下部分对铜和砷离子的富集能力较强,且在铜矿废弃地的长势表现很好,可作为铜、砷离子复合污染土壤的生态恢复植物;狗尾草对铅离子以及野西瓜苗对锌离子的富集能力和转运能力均较强,可作为铜矿区中铅锌重金属离子污染的修复潜力植物;藜、鹅绒藤、益母草、甘菊对不同重金属离子分别表现为抗性或者耐性.本研究可为本区矿山重金属污染与治理提供基础材料与科学依据.
Abstract:
The Cu, Pb, Zn ,Cr, Cd and As content of soil sample and dominant plants in a copper mine wasteland of the center region of Hebei province were determined respectively by sampling in -vestigation , chemical analysis , pollution evaluation and enrichment analysis in this paper .Then soil pollution condition and enrichment characteristics of dominant plants were analyzed .Results showed that the soil of this copper mine wasteland belonged compound pollution of Cu and As ;the content of Cu was 1870 mg· kg -1 , beyond 4.675 times of the national standard;the content of As was 84 mg· kg -1 , beyond 2.1 times of the national standard .Cu and As lightly polluted the sur-face soil at transport mining site and hillside site .While the contents of these heavy metal at factory and nearby village site were under the national standard .Cirsium segetum , Humulus scandens and Chloris virgata were recommended as ecological restoration plants of Cu and As polluted soil , be-cause they had not only a strong enrichment ability for Cu and As , but also had a good growth in this abandoned mine .Setaira viridis and hibiscus trionum could be adopted as restoration potential plants of Pb and Zn in the copper mine respectively , because they had a strong enrichment and transfer ability for Pb and Zn from the root to stem .Other plants such as chenopodium album , cynanchum chinense , herba leonuri and matricariarecutita were resistant or tolerant for different heavy metal iron .These results provided basic materials and scientific references for treatment of heavy metal pollution in this copper mine .
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