Progress in Resource Utilization and Harmless Treatment of Titanium and Aluminum Hazardous Wastes
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摘要:
鉴于我国含钛和含铝危废引起的严重环境污染潜在风险和有价元素资源浪费等弊端，以硫酸法钛白粉行业产生的酸解废渣和铝冶炼过程产生的铝灰为典型代表，回顾了国内外近年来在钛铝危废资源利用和无害化方面取得的主要进展和成就。主要结论如下：（1）旋流器分离法和磁选法，是目前钛白行业处理酸解废渣应用最广的两种方法，但仍存在TiO2回收率不高和回收产品中TiO2品位低等问题；碱法虽解决了上述问题，实现了高效回收利用酸解废渣中钛资源，但其经济性差、规模小的现状有待进一步升级。（2）铝灰处理的研究繁多，主要集中在资源化利用方面，而其无害化处理才是彻底解决铝灰危废的根本手段，进一步制定铝灰的毒性检测标准和环境风险评估，加强对铝灰中氟和氮等元素的监测和无害化管理，实现铝灰资源化与无害化技术的推广是未来研究的方向。
Abstract:Because of serious environmental pollution potential risks and wasting marketable resources of hazardous solid waste in our country, we take tionite from sulfuric process and aluminum dross from aluminum smelting process as typical representatives to review their utilization technologies and harmless treatments at home and abroad. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) It is considered that the cyclone separation and magnetic separation are the two most widely used methods for the treatment of acid tionite in the titanium dioxide industry at present, but there are still problems such as low TiO2 recovery and low grade. Although alkali method has solved the above problems and realized efficient and green recovery of titanium resources from acid tionite. Its poor economy and small scale need to be further upgraded. (2) There are many studies on aluminum dross treatment, mainly focusing on the resource utilization, while harmless treatment is the fundamental mean to completely solve the aluminum dross hazardous waste. In the future, it is suggested to further improve the toxicity testing standards and environmental risk assessment of aluminum ash, strengthen the monitoring and harmless management of fluorine, nitrogen and other elements in aluminum ash, and realize the commercial industrialization promotion of the harmless technology.
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Key words:
- titanium white /
- acid solution waste residue /
- aluminum dross /
- hazardous solid waste /
- recycling /
- harmless treatment
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表 1 烘干处理的酸解泥渣的化学组成 /%
Table 1. The chemical composition of dry tionite
Composition TiO2 Fe2O3 SiO2 SO3 CaO Al2O3 MgO MnO NiO AsO PbO Cr2O3 Content 35~45 8~16 21~28 7~15 3~5 2~4 1~3 0.3~1 ＜0.2 ＜0.1 ＜0.1 ＜0.1 
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