Study on the Process Mineralogy of a Low Grade Cu-Zn Polymetallic Ore in Anhui Province
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摘要:
安徽某低品位铜锌多金属矿石中锌、铜、铁和硫的品位分别为1.93%、0.35%、7.85%、4.03%;金品位为1.01 g/t,银品位为13.05 g/t。为合理开发利用该资源,对该矿石开展了系统的工艺矿物学研究,查明了各有价金属元素的赋存状态、各目的矿物的嵌布特征和嵌布粒度,以及影响它们回收的最主要因素,为确定合理的工艺流程、实现其综合回收提供了理论依据。采用优先选铜、铜中矿再磨精选,锌硫混选再分选的原则流程,并将金、银富集于铜精矿中,实现了矿石中锌、铜、硫以及金、银的综合回收。
Abstract:The grade of zinc, copper, iron sulfur, gold and silver in a low-grade copper-zinc polymetallic ore is 1.93%, 0.35%, 7.85% 4.03%, 1.01 g/t and 13.05 g/t, respectively. In order to exploit and utilize this resource reasonably, systematic process mineralogy research has been carried out. The occurrence state of various valuable metal elements, the dissemination characteristics and dissemination size of various minerals, as well as the most important factors affecting the recovery had been found out, which provided a theoretical basis for determining reasonable process flow and realizing the comprehensive recovery. The comprehensive recovery of zinc, copper, sulfur and gold and silver in ore was obtained by the process of "preferential copper selection-copper middlings regrinding and cleaning-mixed sorting and resorting of zinc and sulfide-enrichment of gold and silver in copper concentration".
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Key words:
- low-grade /
- polymetallic /
- process mineralogy /
- comprehensive recovery /
- copper /
- zinc
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表 1 矿石的化学分析结果
Table 1. Chemical analysis results of the ore
Component Cu Zn Pb Fe S Au Ag CaO MgO Al2O3 SiO2 K2O Na2O C Content/% 0.35 1.93 0.092 7.85 4.03 1.01 13.05 20.43 1.63 4.06 36.21 1.33 0.22 17.23 注:Au、Ag单位为g/t。 表 2 锌的化学物相分析结果
Table 2. Phase analysis results of zinc in the ore
Phase Oxidized zinc Zinc sulfide Total Zn Content/% 0.11 1.87 1.98 Distribution/% 5.56 94.44 100.00 表 3 铜的化学物相分析结果
Table 3. Phase analysis results of copper in the ore
Phase Free
oxidized
copperSecondary
copper
sulfidePrimary
copper
sulfideBound
copperTotal Cu Content/% 0.003 0.070 0.270 0.014 0.357 Distribution/% 0.84 19.61 75.63 3.92 100.00 表 4 铁的化学物相分析结果
Table 4. Phase analysis results of iron
Phase Magnetic
ironFerric
carbonateHematite
and
limoniteIron
sulfideFerric
silicateTotal Fe Content/% 0.13 1.31 3.30 2.64 0.51 7.89 Distribution/% 1.65 16.60 41.83 33.46 6.46 100.00 表 5 矿石的矿物组成及相对含量
Table 5. Mineral composition and relative content of the ore
Mineral name Content/% Sphalerite 3.00 Chalcopyrite 0.82 Bornite 0.09 Chalcocite 0.02 Pyrite
4.95Marcasite Hematite 4.71 Magnetite 0.18 Galena 0.11 Rutile 0.17 Pyrrhotite 0.03 Calcite 34.56 Quartz 25.00 Sericite 7.15 Actinolite 4.78 Orthosite 5.16 Oligoclase 0.43 Albite 0.31 Kaolinite 3.34 Garnet 3.03 Talc 1.87 Other 0.32 表 6 铜在不同矿物中的分布率
Table 6. Distribution of copper in different minerals
Mineral
nameMineral
content/%Cu
content/%Cu metal
content/%Distribution
/%Chalcopyrite 0.82 34.56 0.283 79.52 Bornite 0.09 63.33 0.057 15.99 Chalcocite 0.02 79.86 0.016 4.49 Total - - 0.356 100.00 表 7 铁在不同矿物中的分布率
Table 7. Distribution of iron in different minerals
Mineral
nameMineral
content/%Fe content
/%Fe metal
content/%Distribution
/%Hematite 4.71 69.00 3.250 41.04 Pyrite 4.95 46.55 2.304 29.10 Calcite 34.56 3.88 1.341 16.93 Garnet 3.03 14.02 0.425 5.36 Chalcopyrite 0.82 30.52 0.250 3.16 Magnetite 0.18 72.00 0.130 1.64 Actinolite 4.78 2.23 0.107 1.35 Sphalerite 3.00 2.78 0.083 1.05 Bornite 0.09 11.12 0.010 0.13 Pyrrhotite 0.03 63.53 0.019 0.24 Total 7.92 100.00 表 8 金的分布状态
Table 8. Distribution of gold in different minerals
Mineral name Relative content of
Au-minerals/%Au Distribution/% Natural gold 95.27 96.36 Electrum 3.70 3.16 Muthmannite 0.19 0.42 Kustelite 0.84 0.06 表 9 银的分布状态
Table 9. Distribution of silver in different minerals
Mineral name Relative content of
Ag-minerals/%Ag Distribution/% Hessite 92.78 92.29 Naumannite 3.35 3.88 Natural Silver 1.58 2.50 Aguilarite 1.98 0.89 Argentite 0.31 0.43 表 10 闪锌矿的X-射线能谱数据分析结果
Table 10. X-ray energy spectrum analysis results of sphalerite
Points Zn/% S/% Fe/% Total/% 1 65.27 32.93 1.79 100.00 2 65.41 32.71 1.88 100.00 3 64.22 34.47 1.31 100.00 4 63.55 33.14 3.30 100.00 5 58.83 33.19 7.98 100.00 6 63.99 33.10 2.91 100.00 7 62.99 33.27 3.74 100.00 8 61.27 33.20 5.53 100.00 9 66.11 32.97 0.92 100.00 10 64.82 32.78 2.40 100.00 11 64.52 33.55 1.93 100.00 12 64.17 33.85 1.98 100.00 13 64.47 32.55 2.97 100.00 14 64.73 32.97 2.30 100.00 15 65.61 32.82 1.57 100.00 16 64.28 32.68 3.04 100.00 17 64.02 33.05 2.93 100.00 18 63.68 33.07 3.25 100.00 19 64.48 32.94 2.57 100.00 20 64.46 33.41 2.13 100.00 表 11 金矿物的产出特征
Table 11. The output characteristics of the gold minerals
Types of
gold outputIntergrowth relationship Distribution
/%Total
/%Fissure gold Sphalerite fissure 7.22 8.03 Gangue fissure 0.81 Intergranular gold Sphalerite and pyrite 3.19 55.16 Sphalerite and other sulfides 0.50 Copper Sulfide Minerals and pyrite 0.24 Sphalerite and gangue 33.53 Hematite and gangue 13.74 Copper Sulfide Minerals and gangue 3.36 Pyrrhotite and gangue 0.61 Inclusion gold Sphalerite encapsulation 10.21 36.81 Chalcopyrite encapsulation 7.56 Pyrite encapsulation 1.04 Gangue encapsulation 18.00 表 12 银矿物的产出状态
Table 12. The output characteristics of the sliver minerals
Types of
silver outputIntergrowth relationship Distribution
/%Total
/%Inclusion silver Sphalerite encapsulation 17.65 45.79 Chalcopyrite encapsulation 7.18 Pyrite encapsulation 1.28 Gangue encapsulation 19.68 Intergranular
silverPyrite and gangue 9.26 47.58 Chalcopyrite and gangue 21.48 Chalcopyrite and sphalerite 3.22 Sphalerite and pyrite 1.93 Sphalerite and gangue 10.47 Hematite and gangue 1.04 Gangue intergranular 0.18 Fissure silver Pyrite fissure 5.84 6.63 Chalcopyrite fissure 0.79 表 13 不同磨矿细度下闪锌矿的解离度测定结果
Table 13. The liberation of sphalerite under different grinding fineness
-0.074 mm
Occupancy
/%Free
particle
/%Associated with
Copper Sulfide
Minerals
/%Associated
with pyrite
/%Associated
with other
minerals
/%60 80.93 2.05 0.50 16.52 65 82.55 1.95 0.19 15.31 70 84.77 1.89 0.18 13.16 75 85.71 1.85 0.12 12.32 80 87.60 1.71 0.04 10.65 表 14 不同磨矿细度下硫化铜矿物集合体的解离度测定结果
Table 14. The liberation of copper sulfide minerals under different grinding fineness
-0.074 mm Occupancy/% 60 65 70 75 80 Locked particle/% Free particle/% 49.65 55.36 59.55 63.4 66.34 Associated with gangue Lean-intergrowth 13.83 15.62 15.55 15.23 15.17 Rich-intergrowth 21.81 16.21 13.33 10.92 9.43 Inclusions of chalcopyrite in Gangue 5.02 3.98 3.32 2.40 1.27 Associated with sphalerite Lean-intergrowth 3.39 3.29 3.10 3.08 3.01 Rich-intergrowth 2.36 2.32 2.18 2.14 2.12 Inclusions of chalcopyrite in sphalerite 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.87 1.83 Associated with pyrite Lean-intergrowth 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.37 0.44 Rich-intergrowth 1.46 0.83 0.66 0.55 0.36 Inclusions of chalcopyrite in pyrite 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.03 表 15 不同磨矿细度下黄铁矿的解离度测定结果
Table 15. The liberation of pyrite under different grinding fineness
-0.074 mm
Occupancy
/%Free
particle
/%Associated
with copper
sulfide
minerals/%Associated
with
sphalerite
/%Associated
with other
minerals/%60 77.43 1.28 0.28 21.01 65 80.73 1.15 0.27 17.85 70 83.07 0.70 0.26 15.97 75 88.02 0.23 0.25 11.50 80 89.64 0.20 0.23 9.93 -
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