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摘要:
全球钛矿资源类型主要有钛铁矿和金红石两种，钛铁矿居多、金红石矿偏少，资源储量分布也极不均衡，主要集中在澳大利亚、中国、印度、南非、肯尼亚等国。我国的钛矿资源主要分布在四川省攀枝花-西昌、河北省承德等地区，整体品质较差。与钛铁矿相比，品质更高的金红石主要生产高端海绵钛和高端钛粉，其终端产品高端钛材主要应用于新兴领域中的航空航天、海洋工程等行业。钛铁矿半数以上用于生产普通钛白粉，其终端产品应用于涂料、造纸、塑料、日化等行业，小部分钛铁矿用于生产钛材，应用于传统领域中的化工、电力、冶金、制盐和新兴领域中医药、休闲体育等行业。从我国的消费结构来看，钛白粉的消费结构与世界平均消费结构基本一致，但钛材的消费应用结构，与世界上发达国家相比，我国主要应用于传统领域，新兴领域应用尚存在很大差距。本文通过对我国钛矿资源的现状以及利用趋势进行研究，对我国的钛消费领域趋势进行了预测，并指出我国钛行业存在的一些问题。针对这些问题，提出鼓励我国矿业企业积极参与全球钛矿资源配置、促进产学研相结合、建立以需求为导向的原材料与终端产品企业间联系、加快钛高端产品开发等建议，希望能够切实保证我国钛矿资源安全，促进整个行业的健康发展。
Abstract:There are two main types of titanium resources in the world:ilmenite and rutile. The type of global titanium ore resources is ilmenite, rutile is less, and the distribution of resource reserves is extremely uneven, mainly concentrated in Australia, China, India, South Africa, Kenya and other countries. China's titanium ore resources are mainly distributed in Panzhihua-Xichang in Sichuan Province and Chengde in Hebei Province, with poor overall quality. Compared with ilmenite, rutile has higher quality, which makes it produce high-end sponge titanium and high-end titanium powder. Its high-end products are mainly used in aerospace, marine engineering and other industries in emerging areas. Therefore, rutile is listed as a strategic non-metallic mineral in China. More than half of ilmenite produces ordinary titanium dioxide. Its terminal products are used in coatings, papermaking, plastics, daily chemicals and other industries. Due to the production of titanium, a small part of ilmenite is used in chemical industry, electric power, metallurgy, salt making, medicine, leisure sports and other industries in the traditional field. Judging from the consumption structure of our country, the consumption structure of titanium dioxide is basically the same as the world average consumption structure, but the consumption and application structure of titanium material in China is mainly used in traditional fields, and there is still a big gap in the application of new fields. Based on the research on the current situation and utilization trend of China's titanium ore resources, this paper forecasts the trend of China's titanium consumption field, points out some problems existing in China's titanium industry, and puts forward some suggestions aiming at these problems, such as encouraging China's mining enterprises to actively participate in global titanium resource allocation, promoting the combination of production, education and research, establishing demand-oriented links between raw materials and end products, and speeding up the development of high-end titanium products, hoping to effectively ensure the safety of China's titanium ore resources and promote the healthy development of the whole industry.
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Key words:
- titanium /
- ilmenite /
- rutile /
- strategic minerals /
- global resources
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表 1 全球钛矿资源储量表(以TiO2计算, 万t)
Table 1. The global titanium ore resources reserves (Calculated with TiO2 Ten thousand ton)
钛铁矿主要分布国家 钛铁矿储量 金红石主要分布国家 金红石储量 澳大利亚 25 000 美国 2 900 中国 23 000 肯尼亚 1 300 印度 8 500 南非 830 南非 6 300 印度 740 肯尼亚 5 400 乌克兰 250 巴西 4 300 莫桑比克 88 马达加斯加 4 000 塞拉利昂 49 挪威 3 700 塞内加尔 NA 加拿大 3 100 其他国家 400 莫桑比克 1 400 / / 乌克兰 590 / / 美国 200 / / 越南 160 / / 塞内加尔 NA / / 塞拉利昂 / / / 其他国家 2 600 / / 世界总量 88 000 世界总量 6 200 资料来源：美国地质调查局(NA数据代表不可应用)。 
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表 2 全球钛铁矿资源产量(以TiO2计算, 万t)
Table 2. The globaI ilmenite resources production(Calculated with TiO2 Ten thousand ton)
主要国家 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 加拿大 65 75.4 75 75 77 48 59.5 59.5 88 85 中国 50 55 66 96 102 96 85 84 84 85 澳大利亚 102 99.1 96 94 96 72 72 78 73 73 莫桑比克 28.3 40.7 38 35 43 51 46 54 60 60 南非 105 95.2 111 110 119 60 128 102 55 50 印度 42 54.0 33 34 34 19 18 18 30 30 塞内加尔 NA NA NA NA NA 6 25.7 25 30 25 肯尼亚 NA NA NA NA NA 10 26.7 28 28 28 乌克兰 30 30 30 36 15 25 37.5 21 23 23 挪威 30.2 30 36 36 49.8 44 25.8 26 22 20 越南 41.2 NA 55 51 72 56 36 24 20 20 马达加斯加 4.7 17.2 28 38 26.4 30 14 9.2 11 10 美国 20 20 30 30 20 10 20 10 10 10 巴西 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.5 10 10 4.8 4.8 5 5 俄罗斯 NA NA NA NA NA 11 11.6 4 NA NA 斯里兰卡 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 NA NA NA NA NA 其他国家 3.4 3.7 4 7.4 6 9 7.7 7.1 15 15 世界总量 530 580 610 650 673 557 619 550 554 540 资料来源：美国地质调查局(NA数据代表不可应用)。
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表 3 全球金红石资源产量(以TiO2计算, 万t)
Table 3. The global Rutile resources production(Calculated with TiO2 Ten thousand ton)
主要国家 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 澳大利亚 26.6 36.1 44 41 42.3 19 38 38 29 29 印度 2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.9 1 1 肯尼亚 NA NA NA NA NA 2.2 7.1 8.4 8.7 9 莫桑比克 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 NA NA NA 0.7 0.9 0.8 塞内加尔 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.9 1 0.8 塞拉利昂 6.1 6.5 6.4 8.9 8.1 10 11.3 13 16 17 南非 12.7 14.5 12.2 12 5.9 5.3 6.7 6.7 9.5 10 乌克兰 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 5 6.3 9 9.5 9.5 10 马达加斯加 0.2 0.5 NA NA 0.8 0.9 0.5 NA NA NA 其他国家 1.4 1.2 2.1 2.6 2.2 1.7 1.4 0.8 1.3 1.0 世界总量 55 67 73 73 66.7 47 76 80 77 75 资料来源：美国地质调查局(NA数据代表不可应用)。
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