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摘要:
膨润土储量大、分布广、物理化学特性优良，广泛应用于工业废水处理。但是天然膨润土及改性膨润土直接作为吸附剂，存在着吸附容量小、固液分离难等缺点。为弥补这些缺陷，近年来研究者以膨润土或者改性膨润土为基底制备膨润土基复合材料并将其运用到废水处理。本文综述了改性膨润土和膨润土基复合材料的制备方法，以及其在无机和有机废水处理中的应用和循环再生性能的研究进展。目的是为开发新型、高效的膨润土基复合材料及其在废水处理中的应用提供思路与方法。
Abstract:Bentonite is widely used in industrial wastewater treatment because of its large reserves, wide distribution and excellent physical and chemical properties. However, natural bentonite and modified bentonite are directly used as adsorbents, which have such defects as small adsorption capacity and difficult solid-liquid separation. In order to make up for these defects, (bentonite-based) composites have been prepared from bentonite or modified bentonite and applied to wastewater treatment in recent years. In this paper, the preparation methods of modified bentonite and (bentonite-based) composite materials, their application in inorganic and organic wastewater treatment and the research progress of cyclic regeneration are reviewed. The aim is to provide a new and efficient (bentonite-based) composite material and its application in wastewater treatment.
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Key words:
- bentonite /
- composite materials /
- wastewater treatment /
- recycling
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图 1 蒙脱石层状硅酸盐板的横截面模型。这种原子的排列，称为蒙氏结构，由两层朝内的硅酸盐四面体(淡蓝色)组成，其侧面是一层氧化铝八面体(深蓝色)[13]
Figure 1.
图 2 (A) 天然CMC、(B)天然KC、(C1和C2)CMC/kC珠在50×10.0 k放大倍数时的SEM图像，(D1和D2)CMC/kC/AMMT复合珠在50×10.0 k放大倍数时的SEM图像[45]
Figure 2.
表 1 常见改性剂
Table 1. Common modifiers
Type of modifier On behalf of the reagent Typical structure Reference Coupling agent Silane coupling agent R-SiX3(X-the hydrolytic group, R -the hydrophobic group) [24] Anionic surfactant Carboxylic acid salt R-COOH(M-the metal ion, R-the alkyl group) [25] Cationic surfactant Quaternary ammonium salt R4-N+X-(R-the alkyl group, X-the anion) [26] 
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表 2 膨润土基复合材料在废水处理中的应用汇总
Table 2. Application of bentonite - based composites in wastewater treatment
Adsorbent Adsorbate The adsorption
conditionAdsorption capacity (mg/g)
or adsorption rate (%)Equation of
the isothermReference PVA/PCMC/GO/Bentonite MB T=30 ℃，
pH=10172.14 mg/g Langmuir [44] CMC/kC/AMMT MB T=45 ℃，
pH=6，
n=50 rpm，
t=180 min98% Langmuir [45] MrGO Ni2+ pH=7 178 mg/g Langmuir [42] MrGO RhB pH=7 625 mg/g Langmuir MMT/GO MB t=5 min 641.1 mg/g Langmuir [46] Ammonium-pillared montmorillonite/Fe3O4 Cs+ t=90 min，
T=80 ℃27.5 mg/g Langmuir [47] Magnetic bentonite Pb2+ pH=5，
t=90 min，T=40 ℃80.40 mg/g Langmuir [48] Bentonite/ thiourea-formaldehyde Pb2+ pH=4 13.38 mg/g Langmuir [49] Mn7+ pH=4 18.81 mg/g Cr6+ pH=2 4.20 mg/g P(AO)-g-CTS/BT U(Ⅵ) PH=8，
t=60 min49.09 mg/g Langmuir [50] Hydroxyapatite/bentonite Cd2+ t=40 min
T=80 ℃134.28 mg/g Langmuir [51]
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