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摘要:
选矿废水富含大量酸/碱溶液、固体悬浮物、重金属及浮选药剂残留物等组分，已成为矿山环境、水体及土壤污染的主要成因。为了推动矿山废水的治理和水资源回用效率，本文简要介绍选矿废水的来源和危害；详细介绍了矿山废水的处理方法，如酸碱中和法、混凝沉降法、氧化法、吸附法、沉淀法等典型废水治理技术；而废水处理方面的新技术应用也进行了归纳，如人工湿地法、微生物处理法、膜分离法、电化学法和复合废水处理技术。最后，阐述了选矿废水处理技术的应用现状，并对选矿废水治理技术的研究和开发进行了展望。
Abstract:Mineral processing wastewater is rich in acid / alkali solution, solid suspension, heavy metal and flotation reagent residue, which has become the main cause of mine environment, water and soil pollution. In order to promote the treatment of mine wastewater and the reuse efficiency of water resources, This paper introduces the source and harm of mine wastewater briefly, and the treatment methods of mine wastewater is introduced in detail, such as acid-base neutralization method, coagulation sedimentation method, oxidation method, adsorption method, sedimentation method and other typical wastewater treatment technologies. Meanwhile, the application of new technologies in wastewater treatment is summarized, such as artificial wetland method, microbial treatment method, membrane separation method, electrochemical method and composite wastewater treatment technology. Finally, the application status of the treatment technology of mineral processing wastewater is described, and the research and development of the treatment technology of mineral processing wastewater are prospected.
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Key words:
- mine wastewater /
- treatment technology /
- application status /
- prospect
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表 1 深度氧化技术的原理、优势和存在问题
Table 1. Principle, advantage and existing problems of deep oxidation technology
分类 原理 优势 存在问题 臭氧-复合氧化技术 利用O3本身强氧化性或水中催化剂作用下生成强氧化性·HO2、·O2-、·OH自由基来氧化有机污染物 设备占地小、降解速度快、无二次污染、处理效率高、应用范围广 依赖催化剂的吸附性能与催化剂生产成本 Fenton氧化技术 利用Fe2+和H2O2为催化剂和氧化剂产生的链反应生成·OH，氧化有毒和难降解有机化合物，生成小分子物质、CO2和H2O的技术 应用广泛、氧化速率快 该方法仅局限于酸性环境，且化学试剂(如酸、H2O2)用量大，过量Fe2+会形成二次污染 光化学氧化技术 紫外光照下将氧化剂(H2O2、ClO2等)分解为强氧化性的·OH，将有机选矿药剂降解为小分子有机物、CO2和H2O的技术。 设备简单、操作方便、无二次污染 光能利用率低 光催化氧化技术 半导体光催化剂吸收≥禁带宽度光能时，电子会跃迁到导带，而价带空穴将OH-和H2O氧化成强氧化性·OH；电子与O2生成·O2-；二者可将有机物氧化成CO2、H2O和小分子有机物 设备简单、操作方便、反应温和、无污染、催化剂可循环利用 光催化材料普遍效能较低、光能利用率低、光催化氧化需与其他工艺相结合使用 电催化氧化技术 外加电场下，利用电化学反应器内发生物理、化学及电化学反应实现有机物的降解的方法 反应温和、设备投资小、占地小、避免二次污染、处理效率高 电场能耗高，成本大。需注重开发稳定、高效、廉价反应器，降低运行成本 过硫酸盐氧化技术 在加热、紫外光照、过渡金属或活性炭存在下，可将S2O82-激活成·SO4-；利用其强氧化性将有机物降解为CO2、H2O及小分子有机物 分解速率高、氧化效果好、易存储、工艺操作简单、成本低 产生自由基·SO4-能耗高 
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| 引用本文: |
李超, 王丽萍. 选矿废水处理技术的研究进展[J]. 矿产保护与利用, 2020, 40(1): 72-78. doi: 10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2020.01.011
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| Citation: |
LI Chao, WANG Liping. Research Progress of Mine Wastewater Treatment Technology[J]. Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2020, 40(1): 72-78. doi: 10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2020.01.011
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