Comprehensive Utilization Status and Development of Vanadium-bearing Solid Wastes
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摘要:
含钒固废因其种类多、含有价元素、物相组成复杂，而成为资源回收和环境治理的重要研究对象。针对含钒固废亟待处理的问题，分析了我国含钒固废的种类、来源和资源特点，归纳了含钒固废的综合利用方式方法，包括提取有价元素、多组元综合利用及整体增值利用，总结了含钒固废在结构材料、钢铁冶金、功能材料、生态环保中的利用现状及发展，并指出了含钒固废在综合利用上存在的不足，提出含钒固废资源化利用的发展趋势，如制备地质聚合物、耐火材料、橡塑填料等实现零排放及整体增值的利用领域。
Abstract:It is well know that vanadium-bearing solid waste has become an important research object for resource recovery and environmental treatment, which due to its more kinds, valence elements and complex phase composition. According to the problem of urgent treatment of vanadium containing solid waste, the types and sources, as well as the resource characteristics of dvanadium-bearing solid wastes in China, were analyzed.The main methods of high-value utilization of vanadium-bearing solid wastes were concluded, including the extraction of valuable elements, multi-component comprehensive utilization and overall value-added utilization; The paper also summarized the utilization status and development of the application of vanadium-bearing solid waste in the field of structural materials, iron and steel metallurgy, functional materials, ecological and environmental protection. In addition, the problems existing in the waste comprehensive utilization of vanadium containing solid waste were given. The resource processing development trend of vanadium containing solid waste was put forwards, such as expanding to the preparation of geopolymer, refractory, rubber and plastic filler, and other utilization fields with zero discharge and high additional value.
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Key words:
- vanadium-bearing solid wastes /
- utilization status /
- development trend
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表 1 河钢承钢含钒固废成分及产生量
Table 1. Composition and production of vanadium chemical and metallurgical solid waste of HBIS Group Cheng Steel
Solid waste Content/% Production/(t·a-1) Al2O3 CaO Fe2O3 SiO2 V2O5 MgO Na2O TiO2 Cr2O3 Vanadium tailings 2.18 - 47.14 20.41 1.75 2.63 6.87 11.95 4.32 100 000 Vanadium mud 15.43 2.44 13.26 26.08 17.27 1.08 14.6 4.32 1.01 3 500 
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表 2 含钒固废制备功能性高附加值产品
Table 2. Preparation of functional high value-added products from vanadium-bearing solid waste
含钒固废 资源特点 整体增值利用 含钒冶炼渣 钒铁渣 Al2O3和MgO含量大于90% 耐火材料、调湿材料 含钒钢渣 Ca、Si、Al含量高、硅酸盐相为主 水泥混合材、陶粒 高碱度、含Mn、V等金属氧化物 脱硫吸收浆 提钒尾渣 页岩提钒尾渣 SiO2和Al2O3含量可达85%，以石英、长石类矿物为主，为粉末状 保温材料、微晶玻璃、地质聚合物、多孔陶瓷、橡塑填料 富钒渣提钒尾渣 含有90%的Fe、Mn、Ti、Cr氧化物 钒钛黑瓷、远红外涂料 富含V、Mn、Ti等元素 合金添加剂 Fe、Si含量较高 白炭黑、烧结矿原料 含钒废催化剂 V、Mo、W、Ti等活性氧化物含量高 催化材料 含钒污泥 含大量TFe和MFe，钒含量可达20% 提钒配碱、转炉冷却剂
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