The Research Development on the Flotation Technology and Reagents of Lead-zinc Sulfide Ore
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摘要:
铅和锌是工业生产中必不可少的金属原料,随着工业的快速发展,易选别的硫化铅锌矿石难以满足铅锌资源的需求。硫化铅锌矿的分离一直都是矿物加工工程领域的研究热点。但是由于铅锌矿中各目的矿物紧密伴生,各种离子对目的矿物作用复杂等多种原因导致其高效分离和综合利用困难。本文在前人研究的基础上,归纳和分析了硫化铅锌矿难以分离的主要因素,并详细阐述了硫化铅锌矿浮选分离工艺和药剂,讨论了对硫化铅锌矿分离研究的方向,以期对硫化铅锌矿高效浮选提供参考。
Abstract:Lead and zinc are the essential metal raw material in industrial production. With the rapid development of industry, it is difficult to meet the demand of lead and zinc resources for easily sorted lead and zinc sulfide ores. The flotation separation of lead-zinc sulfide ore has always been a research hotspot in the field of mineral processing engineering. However, the high efficient separation and comprehensive utilization of lead-zinc ore are difficult due to the close association of various target minerals in lead-zinc ore and the complex effects of various ions on target minerals. On the basis of previous studies, this paper summarizes and analyzes the main reasons why lead-zinc sulfide ore is difficult to separate. The flotation technology and reagents for the separation of lead-zinc sulfide minerals are described in detail. The prospect of research on separation of lead-zinc sulfide ore is discussed in order to provide reference for high efficient flotation of lead-zinc sulfide ore.
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Key words:
- lead-zinc sulfide ore /
- lead-zinc separation /
- flotation technology /
- flotation reagents
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表 1 部分铅锌矿最佳磨矿细度下的浮选指标
Table 1. Flotation index of some lead-zinc ores with optimum grinding fineness
不同矿床的矿石 -0.074 mm含量/% 原矿品位/% 最佳磨矿细度下的浮选指标/% Zn Pb Zn品位 Zn回收率 Pb品位 Pb回收率 栖霞山深部银铅锌矿[31] 70 6.33 4.16 11.00 20.00 32.00 90.00 新疆某铅锌矿[32] 75 2.14 3.86 16.00 41.00 22.00 94.00 云南某低品位铅锌萤石矿[33] 81 1.08 2.56 2.11 8.19 52.13 86.24 广西某难选铅锌矿[34] 80 9.19 0.88 21.60 63.06 26.50 80.88 甘肃某铅锌矿[35] 65 3.14 0.90 2.10 15.00 17.80 85.00 四川某硫化铅锌矿[36] 75 2.14 1.18 4.95 16.10 14.34 77.12 内蒙古某多金属硫化矿[37] 80 3.43 2.17 6.26 18.03 19.78 94.18 云南迪庆铜铅锌硫化矿[38] 80 2.35 1.33 3.10 28.00 3.60 84.00 表 2 硫化铅锌矿石常用的浮选工艺流程及其特点[43-44]
Table 2. Common flotation process flow and characteristics of lead-zinc sulfide ore
浮选工艺 特点 优先浮选 适用于原矿品位较高的原生硫化矿;对矿石品位变化的适应性强,具有较高的灵活性,可以获得高质量的精矿产品,是硫化铅锌矿浮选的常用工艺 混合浮选 适用于处理硫化矿总含量不高,矿物之间共生关系密切,结构复杂,嵌布粒度细的矿石;有利于降低能耗和药耗,但精矿脱药问题未能很好解决 等可浮浮选 适用于含有不同可浮性的闪锌矿的铅锌矿石;易浮的闪锌矿与方铅矿一起浮出,混合精矿再进行铅锌分离,充分利用了矿物之间的可浮性差异,节省药剂用量,避免了优先浮选的强行抑制和活化 电位调控浮选 适用于细粒嵌布的铅锌矿石,矿浆电位可以影响硫化矿物的疏水性和浮选行为,由于浮选过程中硫化矿物表面发生化学变化,矿物表面的疏水和亲水过程有电化学反应参与,对矿浆电位进行调控,可改善浮选指标。该工艺流程简单,药剂消耗量少,但矿浆电位难以控制 分速分支浮选 适用于原矿品位较低的矿石浮选,当原矿品位较低时,该流程将浮选矿浆分为两支,其中一支矿浆浮选富集物作为入料,给入另一支矿浆进行浮选,从而改善选矿指标 异步浮选 适用于混合精矿的浮选,控制矿浆的性质,使方铅矿和闪锌矿不同步地在各自合适的条件下充分根据其自身特性上浮,该工艺可提高伴生在硫化铅锌矿中贵金属的回收率,减少铅锌互含损失 表 3 不同选矿厂铅粗选中所用的捕收剂及抑制剂
Table 3. Collector and depressor types in rough separation of lead flotation in different plants
不同矿床的矿石 原矿品位/% 捕收剂 抑制剂 铅粗选精矿品位/% 铅粗选精矿回收率/% Pb Zn Pb Zn Pb Zn 云南某低品位铅锌矿[24] 1.70 7.36 乙硫氮 硫酸锌+碳酸钠+亚硫酸钠 12.23 8.21 80.19 11.87 新疆某铅锌矿[32] 3.86 2.14 丁基黄药 硫酸锌 22.53 2.32 91.53 16.60 白牛厂铅锌硫化矿[28] 2.46 3.85 丁基黄药+乙硫氮 / 12.14 4.20 92.01 20.00 云南某低品位铅锌萤石矿[33] 2.56 1.08 丁基黄药 硫酸锌 52.13 2.11 86.24 8.19 甘肃某铅锌矿[35] 0.90 3.14 SN-9+BK338 硫酸锌 17.80 2.10 85.00 15.00 四川某硫化铅锌矿[36] 1.18 2.14 25号黑药 硫酸锌 12.00 5.50 81.00 20.10 内蒙古某多金属硫化矿[37] 2.17 3.43 异丙基黄药+25号黑药 硫酸锌 19.78 6.26 94.18 18.03 缅甸某硫化铅锌矿[91] 9.87 2.79 乙硫氮 硫酸锌+QY 58.00 4.50 91.00 22.00 大厂105号矿[92] 1.80 13.69 / 亚硫酸钠+硫酸锌+腐殖酸钠 15.10 4.96 63.69 2.71 七宝山铅锌矿[93] 1.40 2.52 苯胺黑药+乙硫氮 硫化钠 10.01 5.30 79.90 21.50 -
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