Research Progress of Magnesium Removal Technology from Medium and Low Grade Phosphate Rocks
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摘要:
近年来，随着磷化工产业的不断发展，可直接使用的高品位磷矿资源开发殆尽，目前我国磷资源多为难选的高镁胶磷矿，过量镁杂质对磷化工生产造成不利影响，因此磷矿脱镁技术的研究显得尤为重要。分析了磷矿中镁杂质对磷矿石加工产生的影响，详细阐述了浮选法、浸出法和高温煅烧法在磷矿脱镁中的应用及其效果，同时对比分析了不同脱镁技术存在的优缺点，并指出虽然浮选法可脱除大部分镁，但难以深度脱除，因此可采用浮选法与浸出法或高温煅烧法等联合工艺实现镁的深度脱除，并提出今后磷矿脱镁技术的研究应向复合型、经济环保型方向发展。
Abstract:In recent years, with the continuous development of the phosphorus chemical industry, the high-grade phosphate rock resources that can be used directly have been exhausted. At present, most of the phosphorus resources in my country are high magnesium phosphate rocks that are difficult to select, and a large amount of magnesium impurities have adverse effects on the production of phosphorus chemical industry. Therefore, the research on magnesium removal technology of phosphate rocks is particularly important. This paper analyzes the influence of magnesium impurities in phosphate rocks on the processing of phosphate rocks, expounds in detail the application and effect of flotation method, leaching method and high-temperature calcination method in the removal of magnesium from phosphate rock, compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different magnesium removal technologies, and points out that although most magnesium can be removed by flotation, it is difficult to remove magnesium in depth. Therefore, the combined process of flotation, leaching or high temperature calcination can be used to realize the deep removal of magnesium, and it is suggested that the research on phosphate rock magnesium removal technology should be developed towards the direction of compound, economic and environmental protection.
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Key words:
- phosphate rock /
- magnesium removal /
- flotation /
- leaching /
- high temperature calcination
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表 1 磷矿脱镁方法对比
Table 1. Comparison of phosphate rock removal methods
方法 适用磷矿石的种类 优缺点 正浮选法 低硅高镁矿等 优点：流程短，分离效率高；
缺点：需加温，产品过滤难反浮选法 沉积型钙质磷块岩矿 优点：常温浮选，后续处理简单；
缺点：尾矿和镁液难处理正反浮选法 高硅高镁磷矿等 优点：工艺适应性强；
缺点：工艺复杂，成本较高双反浮选法 沉积型硅钙混合型胶磷矿等 优点：常温浮选；
缺点：脱硅率低，引入其他杂质化学浸出法 沉积型钙镁质混合型磷矿 优点：反应速度快，脱镁率较高；
缺点：需升温，磷矿品位提升不够高温煅烧法 低硅高镁磷矿 优点：不需外加脱镁剂，磷损失小；
缺点：能耗大，后续产品难分离
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