Research Progress of Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction Technology of Ball Mills
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摘要:
球磨机广泛应用于冶金矿山行业，磨矿作业的动力消耗与金属消耗较大，如何有效降低能耗与金属消耗是一项重要研究内容。主要从磨机自身结构改进、精确化装补球技术、耐磨材料制备技术三个方面进行综述。磨机自身结构改进主要包括以下措施：球磨机大型化、将边缘传动改为中心传动、将滑动轴承改为滚动轴承、改善研磨介质与衬板种类与形状。精确化装补球技术在我国矿山中应用广泛，均不同程度地降低了球磨机的电耗与球耗。耐磨材料制备技术主要围绕锰钢材料、铸铁材料、合金钢材料、双金属复合材料、磁性材料、橡胶材料的设计与制备进行了阐述，主要通过微合金化设计、热处理制度改进达到细化晶粒、转变组织的目的，提高材料的耐磨性，从而降低磨损率。
Abstract:Ball mill is widely used in metallurgical mining industry, grinding operation of power consumption and metal consumption is large, how to effectively reduce energy consumption and metal consumption is an important research content. This paper reviews the improvement of mill structure, the technology of precise ball make-up and the preparation of wear-resistant materials. The improvement of mill structure mainly includes the following measures: the ball mill should be enlarged, the edge drive should be changed to the center drive, the sliding bearing should be changed to the rolling bearing, and the grinding medium and lining plate types and shapes should be improved. Accurate ball make-up technology has been widely used in mines in China, which has reduced the power consumption and ball consumption of ball mills to varying degrees wear-resisting material preparation technology centered manganese steel material, cast iron, alloy steel materials, double metal composite materials, magnetic materials, rubber materials design and preparation, mainly through the design of micro alloying and heat treatment system improvement to achieve the purpose of refine grain, change organization, improve the wear resistance of materials, so as to reduce the wear rate.
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能量分配 管磨机/% 三锥磨机
破碎矿石/%旋转磨机
石灰石粉碎/%三锥磨机
硫酸钙矿石/%实验室
小振动磨/%工业水泥/% 轴承与齿轮的摩擦 12.3 - - - 56~29 8.2~14.9 筒体放射的热 6.4 21.0 8.0 20.0 8~20 8.7~22.2 粉碎产品带走的热 47.6 26.0 18.0 37.0 18~34 42.7~71.6 空气带走的热 31.0 19.0 14.0 29.0 - 11.2~16.3 水蒸气带走的热 - 38.0 56.0 - - - 介质摩擦生热、振动、发声 3.0 - - - - - 理想的粉碎效率 0.6 - - - - 0.14~0.22 
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表 2 精确化装补球技术工业应用前后对比初验数据
Table 2. Comparison of preliminary data before and after industrial application of accurate ball make-up technology
应用矿山 应用前后 磨机型号 台时处理量/(t·h−1) 磨矿细度（−0.074 mm占比）/% 球耗/(kg·t−1) 电耗/(kW·h·t−1) 金平镍矿 应用前 Ф1.5 m×3.0 m 5.11 57.28 0.521 / 应用后 5.35 68.67 0.419 / 提高或降低 0.24 11.39 0.102 11.75% 大红山铜矿 应用前 Ф3.6 m×4.5 m 53.24 64.82 0.72 26.09 应用后 63.08 70.84 0.60 21.28 提高或降低 9.84 6.02 0.12 4.81% 应用前 Ф3.2 m×3.1 m 38.54 76.41 / / 狮子山铜矿 应用后 45.21 84.92 / / 提高或降低 6.67 8.51 11.16% 2.91% 应用前 Ф3.2 m×4.0 m 63.00 44.35 1.22 12.17 金翅岭金矿 应用后 68.00 51.51 0.96 10.96 提高或降低 5.00 7.16 0.26 1.21% 应用前 Ф4.8 m×7.0 m / 65.00 0.52 7.85 银山铜矿 应用后 / 68.00 0.50 7.30 提高或降低 / 3.00 0.02 0.55%
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