应用富集系数法和地累积指数法研究济宁南部区域土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

赵庆令; 李清彩; 谢江坤; 李元仲; 姬永红; 庞成宝; 万淼

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2015.01.017

应用富集系数法和地累积指数法研究济宁南部区域土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

1.
山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院, 山东兖州 272100

2.
中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 湖北武汉 430074

3.
中建中环工程有限公司, 江苏南京 210008

4.
山东省物化探勘察院, 山东济南 250013

基金项目: 山东省济宁市南部农业地质调查项目(鲁国土资[2005]753)

详细信息

作者简介: 赵庆令, 工程师, 从事环境影响评价及仪器分析研究工作.E-mail:zqlzb@126.com

中图分类号: S151.93

收稿日期: 2014-03-05

修回日期: 2014-07-07

录用日期: 2014-08-09

刊出日期: 2015-01-25

Characteristics of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Ecological Risk Assessment in South Jining District

1.
Lunan Geo-Engineering Exploration Institute of Shandong Province, Yanzhou 272100, China

2.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

3.
China Construction Power and Environment Engineering Co. LTD., Nanjing 210008, China

4.
Shandong Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Institute, Jinan 250013, China

Received Date: 05 March 2014

Revised Date: 07 July 2014

Accepted Date: 09 August 2014

Publish Date: 25 January 2015

摘要

摘要:
评价土壤中重金属污染的方法有单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法等, 但迄今尚没有成熟的、统一的标准.本文以济宁城区南部农田为研究区域, 采集77件土壤样品进行调查, 光谱、质谱等技术分析结果表明土壤环境中8种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn)平均含量分别为16.7、0.270、88.4、33.0、0.050、40.4、29.3、89.1 mg/kg, 与黄淮海平原土壤生态地球化学基准值相比, Hg、Cd分别高于基准值的1.50倍、1.39倍, 其他重金属高于基准值的0.26~0.52倍.Hg与As、Cr、F、pH、Cu、Ni、TFe₂O₃呈显著负相关, 表明土壤受到了Hg的不同程度人为污染.用富集系数法和地累积指数法分析区内8种重金属元素的污染(富集)程度, 均表明土壤环境中Hg、Cd为轻微污染(富集)程度, 其他6种元素均为无污染.将该区域重金属含量与其生物毒性系数、生态效应、环境效应相结合, 运用潜在生态危害指数法对重金属污染进行生态风险评价.结果显示, 8种重金属的潜在生态危害由强至弱依次为:Hg >Cd >As >Cu >Pb >Ni >Cr >Zn, 与污染(富集)程度排序差异明显; 尽管Hg、Cd在研究区内仅仅为轻微(富集)程度, 但都具有较高的毒性响应系数, 两元素对土壤综合潜在生态危害的贡献率之和达到了81.26%.借助MapGIS绘制研究区潜在生态风险程度评价图, 表明区内土壤环境总体上处于"中度"潜在生态风险, 约6.83%的面积呈"强"和"很强"潜在生态风险, 其中复兴河、姚楼河、京杭运河3条河流交汇处的局部区域(占研究区面积的0.50%)达到了"很强"潜在生态风险.通过调查可疑人为污染源发现, "强"和"很强"潜在生态风险区域的布局恰好与区内煤矿生产开采活动相关.本文提出, 应当注重对煤矿开采矿井周边区域土地复垦及污染防治工作, 尤其是加强土壤中Cd、Hg的物理化学改良及生物治理修复工作, 防止Hg、Cd进一步污染扩散.
- 土壤 /
- 重金属污染特征 /
- 富集系数 /
- 地累积指数 /
- 生态风险评价 /
- 济宁
Abstract:
Many methods, including single factor index method, Nemero comprehensive index method, potential ecological risk index method and geoaccumulation index method, have been employed to evaluate soil heavy metal pollution. However, no well-developed or standard method has yet been established. Herein, 77 samples of farmland soil in south Jining were collected and analyzed. The results show that average concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in the samples were 16.7, 0.270, 88.4, 33.0, 0.050, 40.4, 29.3 and 89.1 mg/kg, respectively. The values of Hg and Cd were 1.50 and 1.39 times higher than the benchmark value of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and values of other elements were 0.26-0.52 times higher than the benchmark value. All of the samples were evaluated by bivariate correlation analysis method, and the results show that soils are polluted by Hg. The enrichment coefficient method and geoaccumulation method were employed to evaluate the pollution level of 8 elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the target area soil. Both results show that there was light accumulation of Hg and Cd, while other elements were at normal levels. Combining heavy metal concentration in the selected area, the biotoxicity index of heavy metals, ecological effect and environmental effect, and the potential biological hazard index method were applied to evaluate the biological risk. The results show that the potential hazard sequence is as follows: Hg>Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn with obvious differences to the accumulation level. Although there was only light accumulation of Hg and Cd, their potential hazards contributed up to 81.26% of the total contribution of potential ecological risk index. The result was schematized by using MapGIS. It showed that about 6.83% of the selected area had the problem of strong or very strong potential ecological risk, and the remainder was at the medium level. Despite the junction of Fuxing River, Yaolou River and Jinghang canal faced the problem of very strong potential biological risk. According to the investigation on the anthropogenic emission sources in the research area, it was found that the risk had positive correlation with coal mining activities. Therefore, taking effective measures to remedy the polluted soil, especially the remediation of the Hg and Cd pollution, will be of great significance to prevent the further deterioration of the soil environment.
- soil /
- pollution characteristics of heavy metal /
- enrichment factor /
- index of geoaccumulation /
- ecological risk assessment /
- Jining

HTML全文

图 1 重金属元素对潜在生态危害贡献率示意图

Figure 1.

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图 2 济宁南部区域重金属潜在生态风险程度评价图

Figure 2.

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表 1 富集系数和地累积指数评价指标

Table 1. Enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index

等级	EF值	富集(污染)程度	等级	I_geo值	富集(污染)程度
Ⅰ	≤1	无富集(无污染)	Ⅰ	≤0	无富集(无污染)
Ⅱ	1~2	轻微富集(轻微污染)	Ⅱ	0~1	轻微富集(轻微污染)
Ⅲ	2~5	中度富集(中度污染)	Ⅲ	1~2	中度富集(中度污染)
Ⅳ	5~20	显著富集(强污染)	Ⅳ	2~3	中强富集(中强污染)
Ⅴ	20~40	强烈富集(较强污染)	Ⅴ	3~4	强富集(强污染)
Ⅵ	＞40	极强富集(极强污染)	Ⅵ	4~5	较强富集(较强污染)
			Ⅶ	> 5	极强富集(极强污染)

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表 2 生态危害程度及生态风险程度评价指标

Table 2. Ecological risk level and its assessment index

E_rⁱ	潜在生态危害程度	RI	潜在生态风险程度
＜40	轻度	＜150	轻度
40~80	中度	150~300	中度
80~160	强	300~600	强
160~320	很强	＞600	很强
＞320	极强

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表 3 土壤重金属元素含量分析统计

Table 3. Statistics of heavy metal concentration in soils

项目	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
含量最小值(μg/g)	5.9	0.11	61.7	18.3	0.022	24.6	18.2	57.5
含量最大值(μg/g)	22.9	0.68	102.4	51.2	0.335	49.3	34.1	112.5
含量平均值(μg/g)	16.7	0.270	88.4	33.0	0.050	40.4	29.3	89.1
含量背景值(μg/g)	11	0.113	66	23	0.02	32	22	62
标准偏差(μg/g)	4.60	0.10	11.52	5.97	0.05	6.89	3.78	12.75
变异系数(%)	28	35	13	18	91	17	13	14
超标率(%)	81.82	98.70	92.21	92.21	100.00	81.82	90.91	94.81

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表 4 济宁南部区域土壤中不同元素间相关关系

Table 4. Correlationship between different elements in soils of Southern Jining

元素	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn	F	S	OrgC	TFe₂O₃	pH
As	1	0.501^**	0.915^**	0.722^**	-0.312^**	0.901^**	0.677^**	0.762^**	0.887^**	0.433^**	0.290^*	0.851^**	0.451^**
Cd		1	0.561^**	0.425^**	-0.130	0.527^**	0.447^**	0.515^**	0.505^**	0.350^**	0.433^**	0.491^**	0.124
Cr			1	0.778^**	-0.307^**	0.963^**	0.827^**	0.852^**	0.891^**	0.520^**	0.502^**	0.943^**	0.266^*
Cu				1	0.233^*	0.832^**	0.766^**	0.940^**	0.681^**	0.349^**	0.489^**	0.778^**	0.107
Hg					1	-0.274^*	-0.034	0.079	-0.300^**	-0.088	0.132	-0.252^*	-0.327^**
Ni						1	0.813^**	0.898^**	0.871^**	0.424^**	0.441^**	0.930^**	0.293^**
Pb							1	0.822^**	0.644^**	0.407^**	0.591^**	0.813^**	-0.103
Zn								1	0.740^**	0.363^**	0.531^**	0.857^**	0.117
F									1	0.480^**	0.373^**	0.836^**	0.408^**
S										1	0.665^**	0.480^**	-0.104
OrgC											1	0.490^**	-0.350^**
TFe ₂O ₃												1	0.222
pH													1
注：代表P < 0.05；*代表P < 0.01。

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表 5 土壤重金属元素富集系数和地累积指数评价特征值统计

Table 5. Eigenvalue Statistics of enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index of heavy metals in soils

元素	EF		EF < 1		1 < EF < 2		2 < EF < 5		5 < EF < 20		20 < EF < 40
元素	变化范围	平均值	样品数	比率	样品数	比率	样品数	比率	样品数	比率	样品数	比率
As	0.61~1.39	1.10	18	23.38	59	76.62	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cd	0.94~3.90	1.77	1	1.30	64	83.12	12	15.58	0	0	0	0
Cr	0.68~1.13	0.99	54	70.13	23	29.87	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cu	0.76~2.06	1.06	15	19.48	61	79.22	1	1.30	0	0	0	0
Hg	0.77~15.51	1.99	17	22.08	44	57.14	12	15.58	4	5.19	0	0
Ni	0.68~1.02	0.93	73	94.81	4	5.19	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pb	0.67~1.57	1.00	51	66.23	26	33.77	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zn	0.79~1.56	1.07	13	16.88	64	83.12	0	0	0	0	0	0
元素	I_geo		I_geo < 0		0 < I_geo < 1		1 < I_geo < 2		2 < I_geo < 3		3 < I_geo < 4
元素	变化范围	平均值	样品数	比率	样品数	比率	样品数	比率	样品数	比率	样品数	比率
As	-1.48~0.47	-0.06	27	35.06	50	64.94	0	0	-	0	-	0
Cd	-0.62~2.00	0.60	7	9.09	62	80.52	7	9.09	1	1.30	-	0
Cr	-0.68~0.05	-0.18	65	84.42	12	15.58	0	0	-	0	-	0
Cu	-0.91~0.57	-0.09	40	51.95	37	48.05	0	0	-	0	-	0
Hg	-0.45~3.48	0.45	23	29.87	41	53.25	7	9.09	5	6.49	1	1.30
Ni	-0.96~0.04	-0.27	72	93.51	5	6.49	-	0	-	0	-	0
Pb	-0.86~0.05	-0.19	72	93.51	5	6.49	-	0	-	0	-	0
Zn	-0.69~0.27	-0.08	39	50.65	38	49.35	-	0	-	0	-	0

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表 6 土壤重金属元素潜在生态危害评价特征值统计

Table 6. Eigenvalue Statistics of potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soils

元素	E _rⁱ		E _rⁱ≤40		40 < E _rⁱ≤80		80 < E _rⁱ≤160		160 < E _rⁱ≤320		E _rⁱ>320
元素	变化范围	平均值	样品数	比率	样品数	比率	样品数	比率	样品数	比率	样品数	比率
As	5.36~20.82	15.16	77	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cd	29.20~180.53	71.65	5	6.49	58	75.33	12	15.58	2	2.60	0	0
Cr	1.87~3.10	2.68	77	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cu	3.98~11.13	7.17	77	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hg	44~670	99.30	0	0	52	67.53	15	19.48	8	10.39	2	2.60
Ni	3.87~7.70	6.32	77	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pb	4.14~7.75	6.65	77	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zn	0.93~1.81	1.44	77	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

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应用富集系数法和地累积指数法研究济宁南部区域土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

1. 山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院, 山东 兖州 272100 2. 中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 湖北 武汉 430074 3. 中建中环工程有限公司, 江苏 南京 210008 4. 山东省物化探勘察院, 山东 济南 250013

作者简介: 赵庆令, 工程师, 从事环境影响评价及仪器分析研究工作.E-mail:zqlzb@126.com

Characteristics of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Ecological Risk Assessment in South Jining District

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目录

1.
山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院, 山东兖州 272100

2.
中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 湖北武汉 430074

3.
中建中环工程有限公司, 江苏南京 210008

4.
山东省物化探勘察院, 山东济南 250013