The Distribution and Exploration Status of Domestic and Foreign Sedimentary-type Lithium Deposits
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摘要: 随着近几年全球锂矿资源消耗的增加，世界各地掀起了锂矿找矿热。现阶段世界上开发利用的锂矿主要有三种类型：卤水型、伟晶岩型和沉积型，其中沉积型锂矿由于储量巨大，具有重要的地质意义和经济价值。现已发现的沉积型锂矿床主要分布在北美洲，少数分布在南美洲和欧洲，矿石主要以黏土矿为主。本文综述了全球主要沉积型锂矿的勘查开发现状，介绍了北美洲、南美洲、欧洲、亚洲典型的沉积型锂矿以及我国伴生沉积型锂矿矿物特点，有助于对我国沉积型锂矿床的勘查提供启示。对川东黄金口地区钻孔ZK001和钻孔ZK601中的岩心进行了连续取样，共采集196个样品，应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析测定其中的元素含量，研究锂的富集特征和沉积环境。研究结果揭示了锂元素主要富集在嘉陵江组的硬石膏和雷口坡组的碳酸盐岩中，含量最高可达103.25μg/g。这种富集可能是由于沉积环境变化和物源改变双重作用的结果，但具体的物质来源以及锂的赋存状态尚不清楚，有待进一步研究。此发现为四川盆地沉积型锂矿的勘查提供重要线索，也为进一步研究锂元素的来源、运移、富集及赋存状态提供了依据。Abstract:
BACKGROUNDWith the increasing consumption of lithium resources in recent years, the boom of lithium exploration and development has grown worldwide. At present, three main types of lithium deposits have been explored and utilized in the world:brine-type, pegmatite-type and sedimentary-type. Among them, sedimentary-type lithium deposits have important geological significance and economic value due to their huge reserves. OBJECTIVESTo understand the distribution and status of exploration and development for domestic and foreign sedimentary-type lithium deposits, and provide experience for the exploration of sedimentary-lithium deposits in China. METHODSThe cores of borehole ZK001 and borehole ZK601 in the Huangjinkou area in Eastern Sichuan Province were continuously sampled and 196 samples were taken. Those samples were used to study lithium enrichment characteristics and depositional environment. Element content of samples was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTSSedimentary-type lithium deposits were mainly distributed in North America, but a few were distributed in South America and Europe. The ore was mainly composed of clay minerals. The study of cores from Huangjinkou area revealed that lithium was mainly enriched in the anhydrite of the Jialingjiang Formation and the carbonate rocks of the Leikoupo Formation, with a maximum content of 103.25μg/g. CONCLUSIONSThe enrichment of lithium in the two strata may be due to the dual effects of depositional environment changes and provenance changes, but the specific provenance and occurrence of lithium were still unclear and need further investigation. The discovery of high-lithium strata provide important clues for the exploration of sedimentary-type lithium deposits in the Sichuan Basin, and provide scientific basis for further study on the source, migration, enrichment and occurrence of lithium. -
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表 1 不同岩性中锂元素含量对比
Table 1. Comparison of lithium content in different rocks or tectonic belts
锂资源地区 砂岩类锂含量
(μg/g)泥岩锂含量
(μg/g)碳酸盐岩锂含量
(μg/g)硬石膏锂含量
(μg/g)四川黄金口ZK001钻孔 36.48 61.49 31.57 103.25 四川黄金口ZK601钻孔 33.27 37.4 73.68 43.19 中国东部 28.5 38 9.5 - 内蒙兴安—吉黑造山带 24 29 7 - 华北地台 21 41 9.5 - 秦岭—大别造山带 26 46 14 - 扬子地台 24 36 10 - 华南褶皱系 37 34 14 - 
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