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摘要:
含Hg（Ⅱ）废水直接排放会对环境产生危害，目前多采用活性炭去除，而活性炭制作需要高温热解和活化，导致其使用成本较高。近年来，果皮、果渣、炉渣等废弃物也被尝试应用于直接去除水溶液中的重金属离子。本文采用榴莲壳、椰壳活性炭和活性炭纤维在不同条件下对低浓度Hg（Ⅱ）溶液进行吸附，使用原子荧光光谱法对吸附溶液中剩余的Hg（Ⅱ）含量进行测定，着重对榴莲壳的吸附机理进行探索。实验结果揭示，Hg（Ⅱ）在Lagergren准二级动力学模型下，三种材料最大吸附量（Qm）比较结果为：活性炭纤维（5.61μg/g）>榴莲壳（1.68μg/g）>椰壳活性炭（0.96μg/g）。吸附试验和热力学方程得出三种材料对Hg（Ⅱ）的吸附均是自发进行的（ΔG < 0）；椰壳活性炭对Hg（Ⅱ）的吸附以物理吸附为主（ΔH>0）；榴莲壳吸附为吸热过程（ΔH < 0），吸附体系升温可提高榴莲壳吸附Hg（Ⅱ）的速率和吸附容量。本研究表明来源广泛的榴莲壳可以作为吸附剂处理含Hg（Ⅱ）的废水，达到以废治废的目的。
Abstract:BACKGROUND The direct discharge of Hg(Ⅱ) is harmful to the environment. At present, activated carbon is used to remove it, but the production of activated carbon through high-temperature pyrolysis and activation is very expensive.
OBJECTIVES To investigate the adsorption difference and mechanism on low-concentration Hg(Ⅱ) for durian shell, coconut shell activated carbon and activated carbon fiber under different conditions.
METHODS The remaining Hg(Ⅱ) in the adsorption solution was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The adsorb kinetic parameters of different adsorbents were determined by Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
RESULTS In the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the maximum adsorption capacity (QM) of the three materials was as follows: activated carbon fiber (5.61μg/g)>durian shell (1.68μg/g)>coconut shell activated carbon (0.96μg/g). The adsorption test and thermodynamic equation showed that the adsorption of Hg(Ⅱ) by the three materials was spontaneous (ΔG < 0). The adsorption of Hg(Ⅱ) by coconut shell activated carbon was mainly physical adsorption (ΔH>0), while the adsorption of durian shell was an endothermic process (ΔH < 0). Due to the increase of temperature, the adsorption rate and adsorption capacity were improved.
CONCLUSIONS Durian shell from a wide range of sources can be used as an effective adsorbent to treat wastewater containing Hg(Ⅱ).
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Key words:
- durian shell /
- carbon materials /
- mercury /
- atomic fluorescence spectrometry /
- adsorption kinetics
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表 1 榴莲壳和不同炭材料吸附Hg(Ⅱ)动力学参数
Table 1. Kinetic parameters of mercury(Ⅱ) adsorption by durian shell and different carbon materials
吸附剂种类 Lagergren准一级动力学模型 Lagergren准二级动力学模型 Elovich吸附模型 k1 [g/(μg·min)] Qm (μg/g) R2 k2 [g/(μg·min)] Qm (μg/g) R2 a b R2 榴莲壳 0.04 1.45 0.84 0.03 1.68 0.92 0.17 2.84 0.96 椰壳活性炭 0.15 0.87 0.52 0.56 0.96 0.72 1.65 7.77 0.78 活性炭纤维 0.08 5.09 0.92 0.02 5.61 0.98 2.57 1.09 0.93 
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表 2 不同吸附材料平衡常数和热力学方程
Table 2. Equilibrium constants and thermodynamic equations of different adsorbents
吸附剂种类 温度(K) KC ΔG (kJ/mol) ΔS[kJ/ (mol·K)] ΔH (kJ/mol) 结论 榴莲壳 298 1.75 -1.38 0.05 13.05 温度升高，反应速率加快 303 2.47 -2.28 313 2.76 -2.64 323 2.76 -2.73 333 3.59 -3.54 椰壳活性炭 298 2.16 -1.91 -0.006 -5.06 任何温度下均为自发过程 303 4.15 -0.05 313 5.41 -0.08 323 2.36 -0.02 333 2.25 -0.02 活性炭纤维 298 8.43 -5.28 0.026 1.00 温度升高，反应速率加快 303 16.24 -7.02 313 25.32 -8.41 323 9.87 -6.15 333 13.71 -7.25
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表 3 不同吸附材料对Hg(Ⅱ)吸附的Freundlich参数
Table 3. Freundlich parameters of Hg(Ⅱ) adsorption on different adsorption materials
吸附材料 Freundlich参数 K 1/n R2 榴莲壳 3.48 0.57 0.76 椰壳活性炭 16.0 0.41 0.89 活性炭纤维 1.02 1.06 0.83
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