A Review on the Impacts of Microplastics and Environmental Pollutants on Soil Microorganisms
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摘要:
随着塑料制品在工农业和生产生活中的广泛使用，大量微塑料被释放到土壤中，带来不可忽视的生态环境与健康风险。长久以来，人们更关注微塑料本身的生态毒性，对微塑料与环境中的其他化学污染物的联合作用及其环境效应研究较少。由于土壤微生物在微塑料降解过程中起着关键作用，认识土壤微塑料是如何通过影响土壤环境而直接或间接影响土壤中微生物群落和土壤生态功能的微观机理，已成为未来推进微塑料的降解和科学认识微塑料生态系统风险的关键。本文综述了近年来微塑料在土壤中吸附和迁移机理，以及微塑料的吸附程度和位置对其迁移行为的影响。总结了微塑料与土壤中有机污染物和重金属的复合作用的进展，探讨了这些复合作用对土壤环境风险的影响，包括污染物的毒性、生物利用度和迁移性的变化。评述了微塑料对土壤微生物群落的影响及作用机制，微塑料对微生物的物种丰富度、活性和结构的影响，以及微塑料表面的定殖和选择性富集能力。建议未来应该加强以下三方面的研究：①深入探索微塑料与环境污染物的复合作用及其生态毒理作用的微观机理；②认识土壤中微塑料对土壤微生物群落结构改变的微观机制；③探索通过科学调控土壤理化特性、特异性微生物在微塑料表面的定殖与富集能力等途径来控制土壤中微塑料及微塑料-其他环境污染物复合污染的可能性。
Abstract:The extensive use of plastic results in a significant release of microplastics into the soil, posing risks to ecosystems and human health. Research on the interaction between microplastics and pollutants and their combined effects is sparse. Understanding how soil microplastics affect microbial communities is crucial for assessing ecological risks. This comprehensive review examines the adsorption and migration mechanisms of microplastics, with a specific focus on their impact on migration. It explores the combined effects of microplastics with organic pollutants and heavy metals, leading to changes in toxicity, bioavailability, and mobility. Additionally, the review investigates how microplastics influence soil microbial communities, revealing alterations in species richness, activity, and structure. The findings of this review highlight the significant impact of microplastics on pollutants, the modifications in toxicity, bioavailability, and mobility of combined pollutants, as well as their influence on soil microbial communities. To comprehensively assess the environmental impact, it is essential to understand how microplastics interact with pollutants. The review underscores the need to comprehend their influence on soil microbes and functions in order to effectively address ecological risks. Future research should prioritize exploring microscale mechanisms and developing strategies to mitigate soil microplastics and associated pollution. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at
http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202209180175 .-
Key words:
- microplastics /
- microbial community structure /
- organic pollutants /
- heavy metals /
- synergistic effects
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