DISCUSSION ON MAIN CONTROL FACTORS OF GAS HYDRATE IN INDIAN EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONES
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摘要:
印度国家天然气水合物计划(NGHP-01)于2006年在克里希纳—戈达瓦里河(KG)盆地、曼哈纳迪盆地、安德曼海盆地、喀拉拉—康坎(KK)盆地实施，除KK盆地外均获得了水合物样品。为了探讨上述4个盆地天然气水合物的主控因素，较全面地收集、整理、比较了各个盆地的沉积背景、沉积速率、沉积物厚度、总有机碳(TOC)含量以及水合物钻探情况，发现KG盆地沉积物厚度最大，有机质含量最高，同时水合物饱和度较大，而KK盆地沉积物厚度最小、有机质含量最低，未钻获水合物样品，曼哈纳迪盆地和安德曼海盆地的沉积物厚度、有机质含量及水合物饱和度介于中间。结合我国南海水合物的钻探实际，可以认为沉积物厚度和有机质含量对印度专属经济区天然气水合物具有重要的控制作用。
Abstract:The Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP-01) was executed in 2006 in the Krishna-Godavari(KG) Basin, Mahanadi Basin, Andaman Sea and Kerala-Konkan (KK) Basin. Hydrate samples were obtained from all these basins except for the KK Basin. In order to study the main controlling factors on gas hydrate in the four basins mentioned above, data of sedimentary background, including sedimentation rate, sediment thickness, total organic carbon (TOC) content in addition to the information on hydrate drilling are collected and compared. The KG Basin is the basin with largest sediment thickness and highest organic matter, and the hydrate saturation is relatively high; while the KK Basin is the basin with smallest sediment thickness and lowest organic matter, and no hydrate samples have been collected so far. Comparing with what we learnt from the South China Sea, it is concluded that sediment thickness and organic matter content have important control over gas hydrates occurrence in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zones.
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表 1 KG盆地、曼哈纳迪盆地、安德曼海、KK盆地沉积速率和厚度对比表(据文献[7, 11, 15, 18, 20])
Table 1. Comparison of sedimentation rate and sediment thickness among KG、Mahanadi、Andaman Sea and KK Basin (from references[7, 11, 15, 18, 20])
盆地 盆地性质 沉积速率/(m/Ma) 沉积厚度/km KG盆地 被动陆缘 125~480 4~7 曼哈纳迪盆地 被动陆缘 10~130 4 安德曼海 弧后盆地 80 3 KK盆地 被动陆缘 4~25 2~3 
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表 2 KG、曼哈纳迪、安德曼海、KK盆地平均TOC含量和水合物饱和度(据文献[13, 22])
Table 2. Average TOC content and hydrate saturation among KG、Mahanadi、Andaman Sea and KK Basin (from references [13, 22])
盆地 TOC均值/% 水合物饱和度/% KG盆地 1.58 31 曼哈纳迪盆地 1.12 15 安德曼海 0.73 20 KK盆地 0.27 0
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表 3 神狐海域和东沙海域沉积物沉积速率、有机碳含量及水合物饱和度对比表(据文献[26-29])
Table 3. Comparison of sedimentation rate, organic carbon content and hydrate saturation among KG、Mahanadi、Andaman Sea and KK Basin (from references [26-29])
海域 沉积速率/(m/Ma) 平均有机碳含量/% 水合物饱和度/% 神狐海域 更新世：40~80
上新世：20~600.7 SH2：25~48
SH3：20~25
SH7：20~42东沙海域 469~730 0.81 45~100
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