REVIEW OF PROGRESSES IN SEISMIC FLAT SPOT TECHNOLOGY
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摘要:
利用平点技术进行地震勘探虽然经历了50多年的发展历程，但是国内外尚缺乏对平点技术与应用进展的系统分析。通过对平点技术的基本原理、平点识别方法、平点技术应用进展及应用"陷阱"进行全面的调研与梳理认为，不同流体纵波阻抗的差异是产生平点反射的基本条件；水平反射与AVO振幅异常突变处吻合并且具有统一的深度值，是烃类平点最重要的判别标准；通过地震反射特征，结合共等值线抽道集叠加技术和基于信号强化处理的平点增强技术等，可以提高平点的识别效果；地震资料产生的假象、非储层因素导致的平点假象以及流体界面由于速度和压力的变化都会导致平点"陷阱"的产生。研究指出，加强地质与地球物理综合分析，进一步提高地震资料的保真度、信噪比和分辨率，加强与其他烃类检测方法的综合应用及大力发展多波多分量地震技术在平点勘探中的应用是平点技术的发展趋势，未来其应用必然会更加广泛。
Abstract:As a direct hydrocarbon detection method, the flat spot technology may provide effective evidence for reservoir prediction and fluid interface recognition. The difference of impedance between different fluids leads to flat spot reflections. AVO characteristics, well matched to the strong amplitude and structural contour, provide strong evidence for fluid interfaces. Seismic reflection features are the most direct and effective evidence for identification of flat spot. Up to date, a number of large-scale oil and gas reservoirs have been found in the world by application of flat spot technology. Of course, there are "traps" in the application of flat spot technology, such as the false appearance of seismic data, non-reservoir factors caused illusion of flat spot and non-horizontal fluid interfaces due to changes in velocity and pressure. Therefore, it is suggested that flat spot technology be applied upon the basis of comprehensive analysis of geology and geophysics, and enhancing high fidelity, signal-to-noise ratio and seismic resolution together with other hydrocarbon detection methods. Application of multi-wave and multi-component technology is also recommended.
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Key words:
- flat spot /
- criteria /
- identification methods /
- application progress /
- trap /
- trend downhole
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