PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF MARINE HYDROCARBON SOURCE ROCKS AND ITS INDICATING SIGNIFICANCE TO THE NORTHERN SOUTH CHINA SEA
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摘要:
通过汇总全球几个主要的优质海相烃源岩的古海洋-古气候特征以及相应的沉积环境，从有机质的生产、来源和保存条件3个维度将海相烃源岩发育的古海洋模式概括为：①三角洲-陆源海相模式，如西非陆缘盆地发育的烃源岩；②强蒸发-上升流模式，如墨西哥湾中生界烃源岩；③滞留静海-湿润气候模式，如北海盆地钦莫里阶烃源岩。结合现有资料分析认为，南海北部深水区恩平-珠海组（始新统—渐新统）处于半封闭局限海环境，普遍发育三角洲沉积体系，陆源有机质供应充足，气候条件适宜，具备发育优质海相烃源岩的古海洋条件。
Abstract:Three patterns of marine hydrocarbon source rocks are established based on previous researches on several prominent marine source rocks around the world. The organic geochemistry feature, paleoenvironmental and paleoceanic conditions are collected to constrain the factors of productivity, sources and preservations of the organic matter. The patterns are as fellows: ①delta -terrestrial sourced marine facies pattern; ②evaporated-ocean upwelling pattern; ③restricted sea-humid climate-pattern. Previous researches have shown that the Enping-Zhuhai formation (Eocene-Oligocene) in the deepwater area of the northern South China Sea was formed under a restricted Marine environment, with developed delta sedimentary system, sufficient supply of terrestrial organic matter. According to this reviews, we suggest that there is a great potential for exploration of the marine hydrocarbon source rocks in the deepwater area in the northern South China Sea.
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Key words:
- marine source rocks /
- patterns of formation /
- ocean productivity /
- anti-oxide /
- Northern South China Sea
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表 1 海相烃源岩发育古海洋模式及典例
Table 1. Paleoceanographic patterns of the formation of marine source rocks and examples
模式 典型实例 （区域）古气候特征 有机质来源 缺氧环境 沉积环境 三角洲-陆源海相 西非被动陆缘盆地烃源岩
墨西哥湾古近系烃源岩
澳大利亚西北陆架盆地烃源岩温暖湿润 陆源为主 前三角洲等快速沉积形成厌氧环境 三角洲前缘等海陆过渡带 强蒸发-上升流 墨西哥湾中生界烃源岩 干旱、日照强烈 海洋浮游藻类为主 强烈蒸发造成水体盐度高，底层水停滞；大洋缺氧事件 浅海—半深海，受限海湾 滞留静海-湿润气候 北海盆地钦莫里阶烃源岩 温暖湿润/暖湿气候转冷 海陆混源 局限海造成水体不流通形成厌氧环境 受局限的陆表海、潟湖等 
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