BEACH SAND-COASTAL DUNES-MODERN VEGETATION-SAND ISLAND GENETIC MODEL OF THE QILIANYU ISLAND
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摘要:
海滩沙是砂岛形成的基础，成长初始状态原生态海滩沙是砂岛形成的标志；沿岸沙丘是植被成长屏障，二者都具有重要的研究意义。笔者以2019年科考航次现场海滩沙-沿岸沙丘、砂岛及植被调查与卫星遥感资料分析为基础，对七连屿海滩沙-沿岸沙丘-植被地质特征，形态、位置，它们与砂岛的关系进行讨论；揭示了海滩沙-沿岸沙丘形成不但决定于海浪、潮汐，风暴潮等动力作用，而且也与沉积物搬运过程、沉积作用关系密切；同时探讨了岛屿形成过程中现代植物的分布：从点状发育过渡到逐渐覆盖整个潮上带区域，即先是沿岸沙丘，再是海岛中心，最后呈面状覆盖全岛。其中，植物的定植起到了重要作用，不但能够起到固沙作用，而且参与了砂岛的型成。由此，提出建立七连屿海滩沙-海滩岩-植被-砂岛成因模式。
Abstract:The beach sand is the material base of a sand island. It is not only the home for sea animals, but also the evidence of the forming process of a sand island. Coastal dunes may act as barriers to protect vegetation from the damage by wave and surge. Both of them have important research significance for protection of a sand island. Based on the field survey on beach sands, coastal dunes and sand islands and vegetation on the Qilianyu Island in the scientific expedition 2019 in addition to the interpretation of satellite remote sensing data, this paper discussed the geological features, morphological characteristics, and geographic positions of the beach sands, coastal dunes and vegetation as well as their relationship to the development of the sand island. It is revealed that the formation of beach-coastal dunes is not only determined by the dynamic actions of waves, tides and storm surges, but also related to the process of sediment transportation and sedimentation. With regard to the formation of sand island, vegetation plays critical roles. It starts from a pattern of spots in the beginning and then gradually expands to the whole supratidal area, and moves from coastal dunes to the center of island, and finally occupies the whole island. In the process, plant colonization plays a key role in sand fixation and sand island formation. Upon the observations mentioned above, a genetic model of beach sand-beach rock-vegetation-sand island in Qilianyu Island is proposed.
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Key words:
- Qilianyu Island /
- grain size analysis /
- beach sand /
- coastal dunes /
- modern vegetation
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表 1 西沙群岛沿岸沙丘样品粒度参数
Table 1. Grain-size parameters of coastal dune samples from Xisha Islands
粒度参数 BD5 BD6 BD7 ZD7 ZD8 ZD9 XSZ3 XSZ4 LYJ2 JQD1 平均粒径/Ф 1.52 1.22 0.83 1.14 1.82 0.24 −0.14 0.70 −0.04 0.59 标准偏差/Ф 0.47 0.57 0.80 1.29 0.43 0.83 0.56 0.50 1.10 1.20 偏度 −0.17 0.00 −0.14 −0.28 −0.44 0.06 −0.39 −0.05 0.26 0.33 峰态 0.86 1.01 1.03 1.01 1.41 1.34 1.95 1.27 0.42 1.31 粒度中值 1.56 1.22 0.87 1.41 1.91 0.16 －0.03 0.71 0.23 0.21 分选系数 1.73 1.66 2.11 3.77 3.54 1.40 1.84 2.44 1.33 1.47 
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表 2 七连屿岛屿面积变化
Table 2. Changes in the area of Qilianyu Island
岛屿 日期 总面积/m2 植物面积/m2 海滩砂面积/m2 西沙洲 2002-07 254 217 0 254 217 2012-05 257 044 7 591 249 453 2019-05 233 683 194 952 38 731 北沙洲 2002-07 15 142 1 242 13 900 2012-10 17 455 3 108 14 347 2019-05 13 094 4 745 8 349 南沙洲 2002-07 51 983 31 379 20 604 2012-10 53 147 32 202 20 945 2019-05 57 970 33 139 24 831 中岛 2002-07 119 226 91 008 28 218 2012-05 116 506 92 340 24 166 2019-05 115 792 94 564 21 228
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