CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESERVOIR WITH MEDIUM TO LOW POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY BASED ON FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS
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摘要:
低孔渗储层的孔隙结构对油气渗流和产能有重要影响，也是对低孔渗储层分类的重要参数。在微观尺度上用薄片观测法、孔渗测试等方法进行储层描述，但宏观尺度上缺少一种有效的定量表征方法。将分形理论引入孔隙结构评价，利用压汞数据与分形模型建立联系，求取孔隙度、渗透率、排驱压力、孔喉半径中值与分形分维数的关系。研究结果表明分形分维数与储层物性、孔隙结构具有较好的相关性。用分形分维数作为宏观尺度参数来定量表征孔隙空间复杂程度具有可行性，同时为中低孔渗储层分类提供可靠的定量表征参数，为油田开发生产提供较好的决策依据。
Abstract:The pore structure has an important influence on oil and gas seepage and productivity, and is also important for classification of low porosity and permeability reservoirs. In terms of micro scale, thin section observation and laboratory testing are used to describe the reservoir. In terms of macro scale, there is lack of an effective quantitative characterization method. In this paper, fractal theory is introduced into the evaluation of pore structure, and the relationship between porosity, permeability, displacement pressure, median radius of pore throat and fractal dimension is obtained with the established relationship between mercury injection data and fractal model. The results show that fractal dimension has a good correlation with reservoir physical properties and pore structure. It is feasible to use fractal dimension as a macro scale parameter to quantitatively characterize the complexity of pore space. At the same time, it may provide reliable quantitative characterization parameters for the classification of the reservoirs with medium to low porosity and permeability, and make a better decision-making basis for oilfield development and production.
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表 1 部分岩样物性参数
Table 1. Physical parameters of some rock samples
样品编号 深度/m 中值半径/µm 最大孔喉半径/µm 孔喉体积比 有效孔隙度/% 渗透率/×10−3 µm2 R2005-16103 1 999.69 0.09 2.19 1.71 15.80 4.99 R2005-16133 2 011.71 0.07 4.70 1.71 16.30 3.12 R2005-16145 2 015.79 0.11 2.76 2.08 14.80 2.00 R2005-16154 2 018.51 0.10 0.58 1.13 9.60 0.52 R2005-16162 2 021.46 0.07 0.39 1.14 11.60 0.07 R2000-01234 2 078.29 0.05 0.25 1.51 9.60 0.09 R2000-01236 2 078.79 0.22 2.71 1.48 11.30 2.37 R2000-01238 2 079.26 0.13 3.58 1.38 13.70 4.25 R2010-04720 2 144.28 0.42 5.62 1.42 18.68 15.72 R2010-04725 2 144.72 0.53 6.34 1.48 19.52 16.84 R2010-04732 2 153.62 0.82 8.86 1.56 20.40 14.58 R2010-04733 2 154.74 0.38 4.36 1.72 11.64 8.23 R2010-04754 2 155.28 0.71 10.38 1.39 20.80 20.86 
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表 2 基于孔隙结构分维数的储层分类评价
Table 2. Reservoir classification and evaluation based on fractal dimension of pore structure
孔隙结构分形维数 毛管压力曲线分类 排驱压力/Ma 最大孔吼半径/μm 中值孔吼半径/μm 孔隙度/% 渗透率/×10−3 µm2 储层评价结论 2.316 7～2.571 8 Ⅰ类、部分Ⅱ类 1.72～4.38 1.08～18.64 0.08～2.42 10.6～20.8 2.85～25.8 优质储层 2.617 4～2.798 5 Ⅱ类 3.64～6.75 0.25～6.43 0.03～0.72 9.5～13.6 0.072～4.99 较好储层 2.835 2～2.978 4 Ⅲ类 8.63～47.52 0.02～0.32 0.01～0.05 5.8～10.72 0.05～0.18 差储层或无效储层
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