Research frontiers in exploitation and utilization of rare earth mineral resources in the deep-sea sediments
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摘要:
随着人类社会对稀土资源的需求日益增加，资源量丰富的深海稀土逐渐引起各国的关注。深海稀土是近年来发现的一种富集中-重稀土的新型海洋矿产资源，具有重要的价值并可能成为最先开发的深海矿产资源之一。目前，深海稀土矿产资源的调查研究工作才开展十余年，对深海稀土元素的来源富集、分布规律、成矿机理等方向做了较多基础研究工作，但由于开采设备、环境保护、市场收益等环节还存在诸多技术难题和未知因素，尚不能实现商业化的开发利用。本文分析了深海稀土矿产资源的研究现状以及存在的关键问题，重点剖析了中国超前布局其产业化的前景和可行性，提出未来产业化开发利用的相关对策与建议。今后需继续加大深海稀土开发利用技术的研发力度，升级改造中国稀土全产业链布局和融合发展，推广深海绿色采矿新概念，提高中国在国际深海资源勘探开发的话语权。
Abstract:With the increasing demand of the rare earth resources for the development of human society, rare earth resources in deep-sea sediments have gradually attracted the attention from all countries because of their abundant reserves. Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) in the deep-sea sediment is a new type of marine mineral resource rich in middle-heavy rare earth discovered in recent years. In the last decade, we have seen a number of basic researches on enrichment feature, distribution pattern, occurrence state, and ore-forming process of rare earth from the deep-sea sediments. However, due to many technical problems and unknown factors in mining equipment, environmental protection, market revenue etc, the commercial development and utilization cannot be realized, which in turn preclude the efficient and industrial extravagation of these rare earth mineral resources from the deep-sea sediments. We summarized the research status and key problems of deep-sea rare earth mineral resources, focused on the prospect and feasibility in the advanced layout of industrialization in China, and put forward some constructive countermeasures and suggestions for industrialization exploitation and utilization in the future. It is necessary to continue to increase the basic research work, upgrade the whole rare earth industrial chain in China to strengthen the layout and the integrated development, develop new concepts of deep-sea green mining, and improve China's voice in the field of international deep-sea resource exploration and development.
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