Variation and source of heavy metals in surface sediment of Sanmen Bay in recent 10 years
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摘要:
为了解三门湾海域表层沉积物重金属的含量和分布特征，本研究对三门湾海域2019年82个站位海域表层沉积物中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As及Hg共7种重金属元素的含量进行测定，并对比10年前的数据，分析了元素含量的变化情况，追溯了其主要物质来源。结果表明，三门湾海域表层沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg的平均质量浓度分别是31.33、96.46、29.86、0.116、91.54、13.09、0.06 mg/kg，Cu、Cr的含量相对较高。与2009年相比，2019年三门湾海域表层沉积物Cu、Zn与Cd的含量大体上保持一致，Pb、Cr与As的含量有所上升，Hg的含量显著降低。沉积物重金属含量由近岸向外海依次降低，高值区主要集中在蛇蟠水道口、力洋港与健跳镇附近。运用主成分分析与因子分析对重金属物质来源进行解析的结果表明，重金属物质的来源与人类活动的影响密切相关。
Abstract:To clarify the distribution and concentration of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Sanmen Bay, Fujian, South China, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, As and Hg in the surface sediments of 82 stations in the Sanmen Bay waters in 2019 were analyzed. The concentration of the heavy metal elements were determined, and the data from 10 years ago were compared to show the changes in content of the elements, and their main material sources were analyzed. Results show that the average concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg in the surface sediments were 31.33, 96.46, 29.86, 0.116, 91.54, 13.09, 0.06 mg/kg, respectively, and Cu and Cr contents were higher obviously. Compared with 2009, the contents of Cu, Zn, and Cd in 2019 were generally consistent, while those of Pb, Cr, and As increased, and that of Hg decreased significantly. The contents of heavy metals in sediments decreased gradually from the nearshore to the sea, and the high-value areas were mainly concentrated near the mouth of the Shepan Waterway, Liyang Port, and Jiantiao Town. The principal component analysis and factor analysis showed that the sources of heavy metals were closely related to the impact of human activities.
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Key words:
- Sanmen Bay /
- heavy metals /
- spatial distribution /
- source analysis /
- human activities
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表 1 2019年三门湾7种重金属元素的含量
Table 1. The contents of seven heavy metal elements in Sanmen Bay in 2019
/（×10−6） Cu Zn Pb Cd Cr As Hg 最小值 19.80 71.21 19.72 0.06 72.20 9.18 0.04 最大值 51.22 160.00 50.62 0.51 116.21 16.03 0.14 平均值 31.33 96.46 29.86 0.12 91.54 13.09 0.06 
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表 2 三门湾表层沉积物重金属Pearson相关性分析
Table 2. Pearson correlation analysis of heavy metals in surface sediments of Sanmen Bay
Cu Pb Zn Cr Cd As Hg Cu 1.000 Pb 0.870** 1.000 Zn 0.865** 0.952** 1.000 Cr 0.647** 0.483** 0.527** 1.000 Cd 0.345** 0.560** 0.633** 0.021 1.000 As 0.681** 0.524** 0.541** 0.808** 0.151 1.000 Hg 0.454** 0.587** 0.663** 0.196* 0.880** 0.393** 1.000 注：**表示p<0.01； *表示p<0.05。
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表 3 主成分方差与方差贡献
Table 3. Principal component variance and variance contribution
成分 特征值 贡献率/% 累积贡献率/% 1 4.456 63.655 63.655 2 1.555 22.220 85.875 3 0.592 8.459 94.334 4 0.196 2.803 97.137 5 0.092 1.316 98.453 6 0.073 1.046 99.499 7 0.035 0.501 100.000
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表 4 变量主成分分析的载荷和得分关系
Table 4. Relationship between loadings and scores of the principal components
重金属元素 PC1 PC2 PC3 Cu 0.825 0.470 0.182 Pb 0.873 0.241 0.378 Zn 0.810 0.289 0.478 Cr 0.307 0.901 0.002 As 0.253 0.900 0.187 Cd 0.269 −0.099 0.933 Hg 0.229 0.156 0.921 注：加粗数值代表高载荷
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表 5 2009年与2019年土地利用分类遥感解译结果统计
Table 5. Statistics of remote sensing interpretation results of land use classification in 2009 and 2019
/% 年份 建设用地 林地 耕地 滩涂 水产养殖池 鱼排 2009 4.81 49.33 20.71 5.21 3.24 / 2019 7.62 52.41 10.80 3.12 3.66 0.34
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