Quantitative analysis on the seabed terrain complexity of submarine canyons of the South China Sea continental slope
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摘要:
地形复杂度指数是描述地形变化程度的综合指标，本文基于南海陆坡北港隆起区的水深网格数据，采用均值变点分析法确定地形起伏度的最佳统计单元，建立计算海底地形复杂度的模型，融合研究区坡度、地形起伏度、地表切割深度和高程变异系数4种地形因子，分析研究区的地形特征和地形复杂度。结果表明，研究区地形起伏度最佳分析窗口大小为19×19网格，最佳统计窗口面积为1.768 9 km2；研究区北部及南部区域地形平坦，地形复杂程度较低，复杂度指数<2.35；中部区域存在规模不同的峡谷，地形复杂程度较高，复杂度指数平均>3.37，其中，中部偏东区域因海底峡谷最为发育，地形复杂度指数可达7.77。研究区地形复杂度的定量分析结果与海蚀作用的强弱程度呈现出较好的正相关性，这对系统开展南海海底峡谷形态特征及演化过程研究、维护海洋工程设施安全等具有重要借鉴意义。
Abstract:Terrain complexity index is a comprehensive index to the degree of terrain change. The bathymetric data of the Beigang Uplift area on the South China Sea Continental Slope were analyzed, from which terrain relief of the study area was extracted with the increasing grid window method using Matlab software. The optimal window area was determined by the mean change-point method. Four terrain factors, including slope, terrain relief, surface cutting depth, and the coefficient of elevation variation were combined to analyze the topographic characteristics of the study area. The method of calculating integrated terrain complexity based on the bathymetric data was introduced, and a computational complexity model to analyze the terrain complexity of the study area was established. Results show that the optimal analysis window size of the terrain relief of the study area was 19×19 grids and the optimal unit area was 1.768 9 km2. The northern and southern areas of the study area feature flat terrain and low terrain complexity whose complexity index is less than 2.35. Canyons of different sizes were developed in the central area with a higher level of terrain complexity whose average complexity index is more than 3.37. Among them, the central eastern region has the most developed submarine canyons, with a terrain complexity index of 7.77. The quantitative analysis results of the topographic complexity of the study area show a good positive correlation with the intensity of sea erosion, providing an important reference for the systematic study on the morphology and evolution of submarine canyons in the South China Sea and for the maintenance of the safety of marine engineering facilities.
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表 1 评价因子按自然间断点分级统计表
Table 1. The statistics of the evaluation factors based on the natural discontinuity points
等级分类 低复杂度 中复杂度 高复杂度 较高复杂度 极高复杂度 分级指数 1 3 5 7 9 坡度/（°） <8.014 9 8.014 9～6.027 2 16.027 2～24.039 5 24.039 5～32.051 8 >32.051 8 面积占比/% 50.28 32.09 13.81 3.65 0.17 地形起伏度/m <132 132～259 259～386 386～513 >513 面积占比% 24.01 37.52 28.26 9.28 0.93 地表切割系数 <81 81～160 160～238 238～317 >317 面积占比% 37.28 41.96 17.04 3.42 0.30 高程变异系数 <0.062 8 0.062 8～0.123 2 0.123 2～0.183 5 0.183 5～0.243 9 >0.243 9 面积占比% 66.39 28.77 3.10 1.02 0.72 
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表 2 评价因子权重结果
Table 2. The weight table of the evaluation factors
坡度 地形起伏度 地表切割深度 高程变异系数 平均值 0.234 7 0.348 5 0.273 1 0.166 2 标准差 0.172 2 0.186 6 0.161 8 0.138 3 变异系数 0.733 9 0.535 5 0.592 7 0.832 4 归一化权重 0.272 4 0.198 7 0.220 0 0.308 9
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表 3 综合地形复杂度结果统计
Table 3. Statistics of the comprehensive terrain complexity
等级分类 范围 面积占比/% 低复杂度 <2.35 46.69 中复杂度 2.35～3.71 31.15 高复杂度 3.71～5.06 16.52 较高复杂度 5.06～6.41 5.08 极高复杂度 >6.41 0.56
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