The roles of anisotropy in production increasing in low porosity and low permeability reservoir: an example in Sag A, East China Sea
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摘要:
东海盆地A凹陷主要以低孔低渗储层发育为主，经生产实践证实，该类储层运用常规直井或低角度定向井（产能低）难以实现商业产能，因此，渗透率各向异性和储层“甜点”攻关显得尤为重要。碎屑岩储层各向异性特征普遍存在，基于全直径岩芯360°分扇区各向异性实验（渗透率、声波时差）结果表明：6个扇区的水平渗透率分布范围为（3.7～17.3）×10−3 μm2，轴向90°渗透率为0.06×10−3 μm2，渗透率各向异性分布范围为62～288，其中水平优势方向的渗透率是非优势方向的3～5倍，且渗透率高值与纵波时差、横波时差低值存在较小夹角。进一步利用成像测井资料与区域地应力分析证实，最大水平主应力方向与构造裂缝发育方向（渗透率优势方向）存在较小夹角，结合“甜点”储层展布形态，并垂直于最大水平主应力方向布井有利于产能释放，助力低渗储层的经济有效开发。
Abstract:The Sag A of the East China Sea Basin is dominated by low porosity and low permeability reservoirs. Production practice has proved that such reservoirs cannot be economically and effectively developed in conventional vertical wells or low-angle directional wells (low productivity). Therefore, it is particularly important to tackle permeability anisotropy and reservoir "sweet spot". The anisotropy characteristics of clastic rock reservoir are common in the Sag A. The results of the anisotropy experiment of 360° sub-sector of full-diameter core (permeability and sonic time difference) show that: the horizontal permeability distribution range of six sectors is (3.7～17.3)×10−3 μm2, the axial permeability of 90° is 0.06×10−3 μm2, and the permeability anisotropy distribution range is 62～288. The permeability in the horizontal dominant direction is 3～5 times of that in non-dominant direction. Moreover, the high permeability has a small angle between the P-wave time difference and the low S-wave time difference. Further imaging logging data and regional stress analysis confirm that the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress has a small angle with the development direction of structural fracture (permeability predominant direction). Combined with the distribution pattern of the "sweet spot" reservoir, the well distribution perpendicular to the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress is conducive to productivity release, which facilitate the economical and effective development of low permeability reservoir.
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表 1 全直径岩芯不同角度渗透率、声波时差对比表
Table 1. Comparison of permeability and acoustic transit time difference of full-diameter core at different angles
样号 长度/cm 直径/cm 角度/（°） 渗透率/10−3 μm2 纵波时差/（μs/ft） 横波时差/（μs/ft） 样品1 9.502 9.986 轴向 0.419 118.71 169.30 0 1.513 104.64 137.55 30 2.393 108.74 141.01 60 2.588 109.64 139.22 90 2.763 110.60 141.59 120 2.682 109.45 137.80 150 2.039 105.02 133.70 样品2 9.508 10.018 轴向 0.060 75.33 110.21 0 4.636 86.52 128.87 30 17.317 135.06 185.68 60 14.876 121.40 160.90 90 7.183 100.72 146.60 120 4.735 85.50 125.22 150 3.759 83.44 122.30 
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表 2 A凹陷4个含油气构造裂缝识别数量统计
Table 2. Statistics of identification number of 4 hydrocarbon-bearing structural fractures in Sag A
裂缝类型 XX-1 XX-2 XX-3 XX-4 合计 构造缝 328 225 41 53 647 层理缝 491 327 103 202 1123 合计 819 552 144 255 1770
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