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美国天然气水合物调查研究历程概览及思考

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刘子琪, 孙治雷, 张现荣, 张喜林, 李世兴, 孙运宝, 李鑫海, 吕泰衡, 周渝程. 美国天然气水合物调查研究历程概览及思考[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2025, 41(5): 1-13. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2023.253
引用本文: 刘子琪, 孙治雷, 张现荣, 张喜林, 李世兴, 孙运宝, 李鑫海, 吕泰衡, 周渝程. 美国天然气水合物调查研究历程概览及思考[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2025, 41(5): 1-13. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2023.253
shu
LIU Ziqi, SUN Zhilei, ZHANG Xianrong, ZHANG Xilin, LI Shixing, SUN Yunbao, LI Xinhai, LYU Taiheng, ZHOU Yucheng. Overview and consideration on the progress of natural gas hydrate investigation in the United States[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2025, 41(5): 1-13. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2023.253
Citation: LIU Ziqi, SUN Zhilei, ZHANG Xianrong, ZHANG Xilin, LI Shixing, SUN Yunbao, LI Xinhai, LYU Taiheng, ZHOU Yucheng. Overview and consideration on the progress of natural gas hydrate investigation in the United States[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2025, 41(5): 1-13. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2023.253
shu

美国天然气水合物调查研究历程概览及思考

  • 1.

    中国地质科学院，北京 100037

  • 2.

    自然资源部天然气水合物重点实验室，中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所，青岛 266237

  • 3.

    青岛海洋科技中心海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室，青岛 266237

  • 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金“海洋甲烷拦截带对冷泉流体的消耗研究：来自南海东沙海域的观测与研究”（42176057），“西太平洋流固界面物质循环及其演变集成研究”（92358301）；山东省自然科学基金“冲绳海槽冷泉-热液流体解碳源/汇效应及对深海碳循环的影响”（ZR2021MD049）；中国地质调查局项目“CSHC中北部海洋区域地质调查”（DD20230402）
详细信息
    作者简介: 刘子琪（2002—），女，在读硕士，主要从事海洋地球化学方面的研究工作. E-mail：1272516538@qq.com
    通讯作者: 张现荣（1986—），女，博士，副研究员，主要从事海洋地球化学方面的研究工作. E-mail：sdzxr@126.com

  • 中图分类号: P618.13；P736

Overview and consideration on the progress of natural gas hydrate investigation in the United States

  • 1.

    Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate of Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266237, China

  • 3.

    Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China

More Information

    摘要

  • 天然气水合物作为一种高效清洁的新能源，分布范围广，资源储量潜力大，具有巨大的经济价值和重要的战略意义，越来越受到世界各国的关注。美国是率先建立国家级水合物研发计划的国家之一，已较系统地开展了海洋天然气水合物调查研究。通过政府机构、科研院校和私人机构间的跨机构合作，美国在资源勘探、基础理论研究、资源量评估、开采、环境评价等方面取得了一系列显著进展。本文系统归纳了美国国家天然气水合物研究历程、研发计划及其进展，详细解析了美国墨西哥湾、水合物脊和阿拉斯加北坡3个最为典型区域的天然气水合物勘查开发进展及其原因，以期为中国天然气水合物的研究工作提供参考。

    Natural gas hydrate, a kind of efficient and clean new energy, is widely distributed and has large reserves, great economic value, and important strategic significance. It has attracted more and more attention in the world. Among them, the United States is the country with the most systematic investigation and research on natural gas hydrates, and is one of the first countries to establish a national hydrate research and development plan. Through inter-institutional collaboration among government agencies, research institutions, and private sectors, the United States has made a series of remarkable progress in the resource exploration, basic theoretical research, resource assessment, exploitation, and environmental assessment. In this paper, we systematically summarized the history, research and development plan, and progress of national gas hydrate research in the United States, analyzed the progress of gas hydrate exploration and development in the three most typical areas of the United States’ Gulf of Mexico, the Hydrate Ridge, and North Slope of Alaska in detail, and considered the reasons behind the success of the United States in this field. This paper is expected to provide useful references for the industrialization of natural gas hydrate in China.

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  • 图 1  全球天然气水合物分布[6]

    Figure 1. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 2  美国2019—2035年天然气水合物路线图 [19]

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  美国天然气水合物储量分布[29]

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  美国中大西洋边缘发现的甲烷泄漏点和海底特征照片

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  墨西哥湾北部BSR的类型及分布特征[53]

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  水合物脊南部地层A和海底之间的喷口系统的三维透视图

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  从阿拉斯加北坡PBU单元获得的三维分布式声学系统（DAS）垂直地震剖面数据

    Figure 7. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    表 1  美国主要地区水合物特征[51]

    Table 1.  Characteristics of gas hydrate of the study areas in the U.S.[51]

    研究区域 气源 运移通道 水合物饱和度 储层岩性 水合物产出状态 储层类型
    墨西哥湾 热解气、生物气均有发现，以热解气为主 气烟囱、大尺度断层、裂缝 细粒沉积物中平均为10%，砂岩中平均可达80% 火山碎屑砂岩、浊积水道砂岩、砂岩夹泥岩等细粒沉积物 孔隙充填、裂缝充填、海底丘状体 海域砂质储集体、含裂缝细粒储集体、海底水合物丘状体
    水合物脊 热解气、生物气均有发现，以生物气为主 断裂系统、气烟囱、高渗透性地层 约为45% 黏土质粉砂、粉砂质黏土等 浸染状、海底丘状体 海底水合物丘状体、非渗透性黏土质储集体
    阿拉斯加北坡 热解气来自于深部；生物气来自于浅层；以混合气为主 大尺度断层 最高为75%，平均在60%以上 砂岩 孔隙充填 极地砂质储集层
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收稿日期:  2023-11-02
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