Structural deformation and its dynamic mechanism of the Changjiang Sag in the East China Sea Shelf Basin
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摘要:
长江凹陷位于东海陆架盆地北部，其构造发育特征记录了晚白垩世以来盆地形成演化和板块汇聚过程的关键信息，但是目前对其构造变形和动力学机制的研究较为薄弱。本文通过多道地震剖面的精细解释，分析了长江凹陷构造变形特征及时空差异，据此探讨了其构造演化及变形过程的动力学机制。结果表明，长江凹陷具有“三凹两凸”的地质结构特征，发育中生界与新生界两大构造层，以新生界为主，缺失渐新统；凹陷整体受到NE向、近EW向和NW向3组断裂体系的控制，局部沿断裂发育岩浆岩侵入体。长江凹陷为典型双断结构，地层受边界控凹断层控制呈现东厚西薄特征。新生代以来，受太平洋板块、印度板块和菲律宾海板块多期俯冲汇聚及弧后拉张等过程影响，长江凹陷构造体制发生多次转变，同时发育伸展构造和反转构造，空间叠置关系复杂，并且后者具有自西向东迁移的特征。中新世以来，由于盆地内中央凸起带的缓冲作用，凹陷内地层变形程度减弱。基于构造变形特征，可将长江凹陷构造演化可分为5个阶段：晚白垩—早古新世伸展断陷、晚古新—早始新世挤压反转、始新世坳陷发育、渐新世构造抬升和中新世以来的整体拗陷稳定沉降。本研究能够为盆地构造变形及区域构造演化研究提供参考。
Abstract:The Changjiang Sag is located in the northern part of the East China Sea Shelf Basin. Its tectonic development characteristics recorded and reflected key information on the formation and evolution of the basin and the process of plate convergence since the Late Cretaceous. However, the study on its tectonic deformation and dynamical mechanism is relatively weak. In this regard, the structural deformation characteristics and spatiotemporal differences of the Changjiang Sag were analyzed through detailed interpretation of multiple seismic profiles, and the dynamic mechanisms of its structural evolution and deformation process were discussed. Results indicate that the Changjiang Sag features a "three-concave and two-convex" structural framework with two major lithostratigraphic suits: Mesozoic and Cenozoic, primarily the Cenozoic, with the absence of the Oligocene. The overall depression is controlled by three sets of fault systems: NE, near EW, and NW, with local magmatic intrusion along the fault. The Changjiang Sag has a typical double-fault structure, and the strata were controlled by boundary faulting, being thicker in the eastern part and thinner in the western. Since the Cenozoic, Changjiang Sag has been influenced by multi-phased subduction and convergence of the Pacific Plate, the Indian Plate, and the Philippine Sea Plate, as well as the back-arc extensional processes. The tectonic system of the Changjiang Sag has undergone multiple transformations. Both extensional and inversional tectonics has developed, with complex spatial stacking relationships, and the latter features tectonic migration from west to east. Since the Miocene, stratigraphic deformation has been weak due to the buffering effect of the central uplift zone. Based on the characteristics of structural deformation, the tectonic evolution of the Changjiang Sag could be divided into five stages: extensional faulting in the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene, compressional and inversional activities in the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene, subsidence development in the Eocene, tectonic uplifting in the Oligocene, and overall depression, stabilization and deposition after the Middle Miocene. This study provided a reference for understanding the basin structural deformation and regional tectonic evolution in this area.
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Key words:
- deformation /
- tectonic evolution /
- dynamic mechanism /
- Changjiang Sag /
- East China Sea Shelf Basin
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表 1 长江凹陷地层划分及构造演化过程简表
Table 1. Stratigraphic division and tectonic evolution of the Changjiang Sag
系 统 组 反射层 构造运动 凹陷演化 构造层 第四系 全新统 东海组 稳定沉积 新生界
构造层更新统 
龙井运动 新近系 上新统 三潭组 
中新统 柳浪组 玉泉组 龙井组 古近系 渐新统 
玉泉运动 抬升 始新统 平湖组 
拗陷 瓯江组 瓯江运动 挤压反转 古新统 明月峰组 
灵峰组 雁荡运动 伸展断陷 月桂峰组 白垩系 上白垩统 石门潭组 
中生界
构造层前中生界 
注：此表源自文献[29]。 
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