Geological resources and environment carrying capacity in the core port area of Oujiang River Estuary
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摘要:
瓯江口大、小门岛港区和状元岙港区是温州港的重要组成部分，也是温州市海洋经济重点建设区块。基于对港区海岛岸线资源开发强度、水深地形条件、波浪动力环境、海床冲淤风险及海水富营养化的分类分级评价，从港区岸线资源供给能力、地质条件支撑能力及海洋环境纳污能力3个方面对大、小门岛港区和状元岙港区开发利用现状和地质资源环境承载力进行综合分析和评估，结果表明：核心港区地质资源环境承载力介于1.6～2.4，属于承载力临界区间中的较高范围；小门岛港区资源承载力最低，制约因素主要为自然岸线资源供给能力及海水纳污能力较低；大门岛港区承载力最高，水深地形条件为最大限制条件；状元岙港区承载力居中，限制因素为自然岸线供给能力。
Abstract:The port areas in Damen Island, Xiaomen Island, and Zhuangyuan'ao Island in the Oujiang River Estuary are important parts of Wenzhou Port, Zhejiang, and are important areas of marine economy in Wenzhou City. Based on the coastline exploitation intensity, bathymetric topography condition, wave dynamic environment, seabed erosion and siltation risk, and seawater eutrophication in the port area, the geological resources and environmental carrying capacity of the port areas were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated in three aspects of coastline resource supply capacity, geological condition support capacity, and environmental carrying capacity. Data were collected in 2019 and earlier. Results show that the geological resources and environmental carrying capacity of the port areas was between 1.6 and 2.4, belonging to the higher range of the critical range of carrying capacity. The resource carrying capacity of Xiaomen Island was the lowest due to its low supply capacity of natural coastline resource and weak environmental carrying capacity; that of Damen Island was the highest and the water depth and terrain condition were the main limiting factors; and that of Zhuangyuan'ao Island was in the middle, and the constraint was the supply capacity of natural coastline.
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表 1 核心港区地质资源环境承载力评价指标体系
Table 1. Evaluation index system of geological resources and environment carrying capacity of the core port area
项目 因子 指标 划分标准 承载力等级量值 地质资源环境承载力（C） 岸线资源供给能力（S1） 岸线资源开发强度（N） N＜0.1 3 0.1≤N＜0.3 2 N≥0.3 1 地质条件支撑能力（S2） 水深地形（h） h＞20 m 3 20≥h＞10 m 2 h≤10 m 1 有效波高（W） W≤0.5 m 3 0.5＜W≤1 m 2 W＞1 m 1 冲淤风险（D） −10 ≤D＜10 cm 3 10～20 cm或−20～−10 cm 2 D≥20 cm或D＜−20 cm 1 海洋环境纳污能力（S3） 富营养化（E） 轻度富营养化 3 中度富营养化 2 重度富营养化 1 
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表 2 人工岸线类型及影响因子
Table 2. Classification of artificial coastline and the impact factor
分类 海洋资源环境影响描述 影响因子 人工海岸 围池坝 对海洋资源环境有一定影响 qB=0.6 交通运输 对海洋资源环境有明显影响 qH=0.8 工业用海 对海洋资源环境有较大影响，
部分影响不可恢复qT=1.0 城镇填海 对海洋资源环境有较大影响，
部分影响不可恢复qG=1.0
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表 3 岸线类型及长度
Table 3. The type and length of coastline
km 岸线类型 基岩岸线 砂砾质岸线 淤泥质岸线 船舶工业岸线 交通道路岸线 城镇工业岸线 港口码头岸线 大门岛 39.545 1.69 0 0.015 1.33 2.07 2.42 小门岛 8.51 0.15 0.92 0 2.09 3.09 0.51 状元岙港区 15.63 0.42 0 0 1.66 8.1 1.19
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表 4 海水富营养化指数
Table 4. Eutrophication index around the port areas
站位 WQ1 WQ2 WQ3 WQ4 WQ5 WQ6 WQ7 WQ8 WQ9 WQ10 指数值 1.13 0.45 2.51 26.96 5.27 0.90 3.14 0.52 0.48 10.37
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表 5 小门岛港区地质资源环境承载力评价因子统计
Table 5. Geological resources and environmental carrying capacity in the Xiaomen Island port area
因子 指标 统计值 承载力等级
量值承载力
（C）岸线资源供给
能力（S1）岸线资源开发强度（N） 0.34 1 地质条件支撑
能力（S2）水深地形（h） 12.0 m 2 波浪动力（W） 0.34 m 3 冲淤风险（D） −10 cm 3 海洋环境纳污
能力（S3）富营养化（E） 重度 1
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表 6 大门岛港区地质资源环境承载力评价因子统计值
Table 6. Geological resources and environmental carrying capacity in the Damen Island port area
因子 指标 统计值 承载力等级
量值承载力
（C）岸线资源供给
能力（S1）岸线资源开发强度（N） 0.10 3 地质条件支撑
能力（S2）水深地形（h） 10 m 1 波浪动力（W） 0.57 m 2 冲淤风险（D） −17 cm 2 海洋环境纳污
能力（S3）富营养化（E） 中度 2
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表 7 状元岙岛港区地质资源环境承载力评价因子统计值
Table 7. Geological resources and environmental carrying capacity in the Zhuangyuan’ao Island port area
因子 指标 统计值 承载力等级
量值承载力
（C）岸线资源供给
能力（S1）岸线资源开发强度（N） 0.38 1 地质条件支撑
能力（S2）水深地形（h） 10.5 m 2 波浪动力（W） 0.51 m 2 冲淤风险（D） −19 cm 2 海洋环境纳污
能力（S3）富营养化（E） 轻度 3
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