红河流域不同粒级沉积物揭示的风化特征及其控制因素

王是君; 李超; 段知非; 郭玉龙; 段晓勇; 印萍; 杨守业

doi:10.16028/j.1009-2722.2024.201

红河流域不同粒级沉积物揭示的风化特征及其控制因素

1.
海洋地质国家重点实验室，同济大学，上海 200092

2.
中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所，青岛 266237

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFF0800504）；国家自然科学基金（42273057，42076063）；亚洲合作资金项目“长江三角洲与红河三角洲海洋地质环境与灾害合作研究”

详细信息

作者简介: 王是君（2000—），男，在读硕士，主要从事沉积地球化学方面的研究工作. E-mail：2231656@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者: 李超（1983—），男，博士，副教授，主要从事沉积地球化学方面的研究工作. E-mail：cli@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: P736.2

收稿日期: 2024-08-17

刊出日期: 2025-04-28

Weathering characteristics in the Red River catchment and controlling factors revealed by sediments with different grain sizes

1.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

2.
Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266237, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Chao, cli@tongji.edu.cn

Received Date: 17 August 2024

Publish Date: 28 April 2025

摘要

摘要:
红河曾是青藏高原东缘大河的入海通道，也是现南海北部沉积物的主要供给源之一，是研究南海源-汇过程及构造-气候-风化关系的理想区域。通过对比红河及其支流不同粒级沉积物的主量元素及其CIA，分析CIA和气候、地形及岩性等环境参数的相关性，探究红河流域硅酸盐风化的主要控制因素。结果表明：粗粒级沉积物是石英和长石的混合物，其主量元素组成受粒度和石英稀释的影响显著，与所有环境参数均无相关性，CIA不能准确反映其化学风化特征；细粒级沉积物可以代表上游流域的平均组成，其CIA主要反映流域化学风化程度，通过对CIA和环境参数进行相关性分析可知，降雨和坡度是红河流域风化程度的主控因素。
- 化学风化 /
- 红河 /
- 沉积物 /
- CIA /
- 粒度效应
Abstract:
Historically, the Red River served as the outlet to the sea for major rivers in the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau and is currently one of the main sources of sediment to the northern South China Sea. It is an ideal region for studying the source-sink processes and tectonic-climate-weathering relationships in the South China Sea since the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. To understand the main controlling factors of silicate weathering in the catchment, we compared the major element characteristics and CIA (chemical index of alteration) of sediments with different grain sizes in the Red River and its tributaries, and analyzed the correlation between CIA and environmental parameters regarding climate, topography, and lithology. Results indicate that coarse-grained sediments are a mixture of quartz and feldspar, and their major element content is significantly influenced by grain size effects and quartz dilution effects, showing no correlation with any environmental parameters. Hence, their CIA may not accurately reflect chemical weathering. In contrast, fine-grained sediments can represent the average composition of the upstream catchment, and their CIA primarily reflects the degree of chemical weathering in the catchment. Through the correlation analysis between the CIA of fine-grained sediments and environmental parameters, we found that rainfall and slope are the main controlling factors on weathering in the Red River catchment.
- chemical weathering /
- Red River /
- sediments /
- CIA /
- grain-size effect

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图 1 红河流域地形图及采样点位置

Figure 1.

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图 2 红河沉积物主量元素组成与Al₂O₃/SiO₂的关系

Figure 2.

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图 3 红河及其支流沉积物的CIA

Figure 3.

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图 4 不同粒级沉积物的CIA与环境参数的相关性

Figure 4.

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图 5 粒度、风化和石英富集对红河沉积物主量元素的影响

Figure 5.

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图 6 细粒级沉积物的CIA和环境参数的相关性

Figure 6.

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表 1 样品主量元素组成及CIA

Table 1. Major element composition and CIA of the samples

粒径/μm	样品编号	SiO₂/wt%	Al₂O₃/wt%	MgO/wt%	CaO/wt%	Na₂O/wt%	K₂O/wt%	Fe₂O₃/wt%	CIA
＜ 2	RS04	43.24	26.85	1.55	0.19	0.19	3.20	11.43	86.7
	RS05-1	43.67	24.29	1.88	0.21	0.34	3.18	13.02	84.7
	RS06	43.42	24.98	1.51	0.28	0.19	2.94	12.46	86.2
	RS07	41.39	27.73	1.39	0.24	0.19	2.84	11.56	87.9
	RS11	38.92	23.02	2.28	0.78	0.24	2.12	16.88	84.8
	RS12	38.84	22.93	2.26	0.73	0.25	2.18	16.92	84.8
	RS13	40.03	22.74	2.16	0.71	0.23	2.29	16.92	84.5
	RS15	39.30	23.63	2.25	0.66	0.28	2.47	16.85	84.5
	RS16	39.65	23.23	2.42	0.58	0.27	2.66	17.30	84.1
	RS17	40.91	24.17	2.03	0.49	0.24	2.52	14.85	85.7
	RS20	44.31	24.42	2.75	0.50	0.33	3.88	12.02	81.2
	RS21	43.44	24.60	2.29	0.30	0.29	3.16	13.06	84.7
	RS23	48.77	24.96	1.88	0.16	0.39	4.15	9.20	82.1
	RS24	45.38	25.14	2.03	0.16	0.33	3.74	11.44	83.7
	RS25	44.13	24.99	1.99	0.30	0.27	3.32	12.38	84.5
	RS26	42.03	26.14	1.93	0.30	0.27	3.50	12.76	84.5
	RS30	45.34	24.56	2.04	0.29	0.37	3.54	11.79	83.1
	RS32	42.56	25.94	1.94	0.21	0.29	3.43	12.45	85.0
＜ 63	RS04	58.34	18.75	1.51	0.74	0.47	3.13	7.57	77.3
	RS05-1	63.66	15.95	1.68	0.48	0.90	2.79	6.74	74.8
	RS06	61.55	16.11	1.55	1.04	0.55	2.85	7.55	73.2
	RS07	66.61	15.10	1.29	0.52	0.47	2.89	5.84	75.7
	RS11	54.75	15.69	2.64	1.81	1.08	2.22	11.79	67.7
	RS12	57.47	15.11	2.37	1.56	1.14	2.37	10.50	67.5
	RS13	55.15	15.23	2.54	1.63	0.96	2.33	11.69	68.3
	RS15	57.34	14.61	2.50	1.83	1.05	2.40	10.28	65.6
	RS16	57.13	14.69	2.37	1.55	1.07	2.54	11.04	66.7
	RS17	65.00	13.91	1.69	1.16	1.18	2.50	7.47	67.3
	RS20	63.51	15.75	1.90	0.80	1.15	2.82	6.91	71.1
	RS21	61.19	15.87	1.86	0.82	0.85	2.70	8.34	73.2
	RS23	67.57	14.24	1.53	0.55	0.81	2.72	6.08	72.9
	RS24	68.83	13.57	1.52	0.50	0.76	2.41	5.85	74.0
	RS25	62.72	16.47	1.72	0.78	0.84	2.76	7.42	74.0
	RS26	62.32	16.44	1.66	0.76	0.79	2.83	7.24	74.1
	RS30	62.41	16.26	1.69	0.69	0.88	2.79	7.34	73.9
	RS32	61.58	16.77	1.73	0.70	0.79	2.81	7.29	74.9
63～2 000	R5937	72.02	10.94	1.67	2.08	1.49	3.00	5.05	57.3
	R5938	76.34	9.15	1.39	2.07	1.33	2.64	3.47	55.8
	R5939	77.82	8.85	1.36	1.62	1.04	2.24	3.47	60.2
	R5940	84.72	6.28	0.72	0.67	0.71	1.91	2.51	58.7
	R5941	84.06	6.85	0.74	0.54	0.74	2.10	2.58	60.5
	M5942	84.80	6.82	0.77	0.50	0.76	1.89	2.52	61.9
	D5943	87.51	5.61	0.68	0.49	0.69	1.72	2.22	59.0
	L5944	77.63	10.29	0.84	0.98	0.95	3.62	2.88	59.3
	L5945	82.39	7.96	0.72	0.76	0.73	2.73	2.72	59.7
	L5946	79.96	8.86	0.80	0.79	0.81	2.78	3.19	60.9
	L5947	79.51	9.10	0.72	0.66	0.88	2.68	3.01	62.1
	VN05060701	85.48	6.90	0.87	0.60	0.49	1.81	3.18	65.9
	VN05060702	80.54	8.03	1.48	2.61	1.02	2.15	3.65	58.5
	VN05060710	72.59	10.75	1.83	3.39	1.32	2.45	5.92	60.6
	VN05060801	71.93	12.01	1.91	3.37	1.20	2.66	5.98	63.7
	VN05060805	66.94	12.76	2.07	2.79	0.92	3.44	9.82	65.4
	VN05060806	86.29	6.89	0.30	0.42	0.61	2.78	1.65	59.0
	VN05060807	79.86	10.00	0.87	1.32	0.45	2.71	3.71	69.3
注：＜ 2 μm样品数据引自文献[12]，＜ 63 μm样品数据引自文献[26]，63～2 000 μm样品数据引自文献[28,35]。

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表 2 各样品上游流域的环境参数

Table 2. Environmental parameters of the upstream catchment

粒径/μm	样品编号	河流	温度/℃	降雨/ （mm/a）	海拔/m	坡度/(°)	流域面积 /km²	沉积岩/%	基性—超基性岩/%	中—酸性岩 /%	变质岩/%
＜ 2 和＜ 63	RS04	泸江	19.2	1 590	892	3.4	3.2	75.0	3.3	1.9	19.9
	RS05	红河	18.7	1 342	1 251	4.8	8.9	77.5	6.5	5.0	10.9
	RS06	泸江	19.2	1 588	909	3.4	3.1	75.3	2.6	1.9	20.1
	RS07	斋江	19.8	1 715	781	3.8	0.6	46.0	13.9	2.4	37.7
	RS11、12、13	红河	17.5	1 158	1 533	5	3.7	68.3	3.4	6.1	22.2
	RS15、16、17	红河	17.7	1 202	1 464	5	4.0	68.2	5.7	5.6	20.4
	RS20、21	红河	18	1 227	1 388	4.8	4.3	67.6	7.7	5.2	19.6
	RS23、24	李仙江	19.4	1 451	1 124	4.9	4.5	87.0	5.4	4.9	2.8
	RS30、32	红河	19.6	1 454	976	3.9	14.5	79.6	4.8	3.9	11.7
63～2 000	L5946、5947	泸江	19.2	1 590	892	3.4	3.2	75.0	3.3	1.9	19.9
	R5937、5938, VN05060702	红河	18	1 227	1 388	4.8	4.3	67.6	7.7	5.2	19.6
	D5943, VN05060701	李仙江	19.4	1 451	1 124	4.9	4.5	87.0	5.4	4.9	2.8
	M5942	红河	19.6	1 454	976	3.9	14.5	79.6	4.8	3.9	11.7
	R5939	红河	18.9	1 407	1 157	4.5	12.0	76.8	5.7	4.2	13.3
	L5944	泸江	18.5	1 581	1 060	3.1	1.1	69.2	0.0	3.7	21.1
	L5945	泸江	18.9	1 558	955	3.4	2.5	70.2	0.2	1.8	14.4
	VN05060710	红河	17.5	1 158	1 533	5	3.7	68.3	3.4	6.1	22.2
	VN05060801	红河	17.2	1 100	1 597	5	3.4	70.7	0.9	4.9	23.5
	VN05060805	斋江	18.5	1 694	1 067	4.6	0.4	61.3	2.5	3.5	32.7
	VN05060806	斋江	19.8	1 715	781	3.8	0.6	46.0	13.9	2.4	37.7
	VN05060807	泸江	19.2	1 588	909	3.4	3.1	75.3	2.6	1.9	20.1

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