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摘要:
瓯江口地处东海与瓯江交汇处，是浙江省温州市沿海产业带核心区，也是温州重要产业聚集区。本文在对瓯江口水文泥沙、地形地貌、沉积环境进行调查与分析的基础上，对河口动力地貌演化及水沙输运特征等进行了研究。结果表明：滩槽动力地貌体系是瓯江口地貌格局的重要组成部分，动力地貌格局是瓯江径流以及河口浪、潮、流等多种动力条件共同作用的结果；海床地形表现为北支“槽冲”、南支“滩淤”为主的分布格局特征。河口输水表现为南支落潮下泄流占优，北支大潮潮流上溯、小潮潮流下泄特征明显，同时径流、潮流共同作用下的潮流不对称现象明显。优势输水输沙作用下的瓯江南口泥沙净输运量为224～8 876 kg，瓯江北口泥沙净输运量为20～15 506 kg，底沙运动较为活跃。河口动力地貌与水沙环境是径流、潮流的相对作用、河口人类建设工程及近海环流系统共同塑造的结果。
Abstract:Oujiang Estuary is located at the confluence of the East China Sea and the Oujiang River, and it is the core area of the coastal industrial belt and an important industrial cluster in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Based on the investigation and analysis on the hydrology, sedimentology, topography, and sedimentary environment, we studied the dynamic geomorphology evolution and water-sediment transport characteristics of the estuary. Results show that the dynamic geomorphological system of shoal-channel is an important part of the geomorphological pattern of Oujiang River estuary, and the geomorphological pattern is the result of the combined action of Oujiang River runoff and the dynamic conditions of waves, tides, and currents in the estuary. The seabed topography is characterized by the distribution pattern of “channel erosion” in the northern branch and “shoal deposition” in the southern branch. The water transport in the estuary is dominated by the ebb flow in the southern branch, while the flood flow in the northern branch is evident during the spring tide and the ebb flow is evident during the neap tide. At the same time, the asymmetry of tidal currents under the combined action of runoff and tidal currents is obvious. The net sediment transport at the southern mouth of Oujiang River was between 224 and
8876 kg, while at the northern mouth, it was between 20 and15506 kg, indicating active sediment movement. The dynamic geomorphology and water-sediment environment of the estuary are the result of the relative effects of river and tidal currents, human construction projects in the estuary, and the nearshore circulation system.-
Key words:
- Oujiang River Estuary /
- sediment dynamics /
- geomorphology /
- hydrology and sediment /
- transport
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表 1 瓯江口潮流沙脊历年面积变化统计
Table 1. Statistics on the changes in the area of tidal sand ridges at the Oujiang River Estuary over the years
km2 砂体 1979年 1986年 2002年 2011年 三角沙 9.36 10.99 12.86 10.14 中沙 1.16 1.34 1.64 0.58 重山沙嘴 0.89 0.64 1.59 1.54 
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表 2 小潮、大潮期间各定点测站平均流速、流向的统计
Table 2. Statistics of the average flow velocity and direction during the neap tide and spring tide
流速/（cm/s）；流向/（°） 潮汛 站位 涨落潮 表层 中层 底层 垂向平均 流速 流向 流速 流向 流速 流向 流速 流向 大潮 WB1 涨潮 50.89 318 46.23 303 61.49 303 42.37 339 落潮 55.35 141 48.87 126 63.40 133 55.47 121 WB2 涨潮 75.56 302 66.04 294 62.57 291 55.46 298 落潮 83.95 116 70.29 117 62.23 117 59.24 119 WB3 涨潮 57.82 317 65.36 314 46.39 325 54.08 315 落潮 68.44 139 48.57 139 49.52 147 57.25 136 小潮 WB1 涨潮 28.67 304 23.26 298 20.90 299 22.18 304 落潮 27.48 124 28.10 125 23.99 127 30.77 96 WB2 涨潮 43.71 310 36.76 299 29.93 296 38.62 287 落潮 49.09 124 37.60 119 24.43 128 35.51 142 WB3 涨潮 30.62 323 29.75 304 30.68 295 27.57 295 落潮 47.43 143 36.28 133 36.90 151 37.71 148
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表 3 研究区各站位潮水输运特征
Table 3. Tidal transport characteristics of each station
输水量/m3；流向/（°） 区域 测站 潮次 落潮输水 涨潮输水 净输水 优势流指数 输水量 方向 输水量 方向 输水量 方向 南口 WB1 大潮 89 339 116 90 895 339 −1 555 46 0.496 小潮 45 231 97 38 371 336 6 860 48 0.541 SW1 大潮 82 657 129 75 221 296 7 436 213 0.524 小潮 44 769 137 41 307 288 3 462 217 0.520 SW2 大潮 68 255 127 64 417 311 3 839 35 0.514 小潮 39 063 136 38 634 296 429 216 0.503 SW4 大潮 118 303 112 99 219 286 19 084 149 0.544 小潮 52 810 100 71 725 284 −18 915 310 0.424 北口 WB2 大潮 92 446 120 97 312 356 − 4866 86 0.487 小潮 54 497 141 78 137 285 −23 640 237 0.411 WB3 大潮 56 636 93 84 691 353 −28 056 198 0.401 小潮 95 958 150 70 737 292 25 222 189 0.576 SW3 大潮 73 481 101 82 937 270 −9 456 238 0.470 小潮 47 416 102 46 081 268 1 335 210 0.507
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表 4 研究区各站位泥沙起动流速
Table 4. Sediment incipient velocity in each station in the study area
站位 粒径/mm 起动流速/（m/s） 张瑞瑾公式[15] 窦国仁公式[16] LD1 0.005 2.01 2.07 LD2 0.005 2.25 2.37 LD3 0.390 0.48 0.55 LD4 0.009 1.30 1.32 LD5 0.006 1.96 2.03 LD6 0.005 2.82 2.98 LD7 0.005 2.02 2.10 LD8 0.261 0.50 0.57 LD9 0.008 2.04 2.16 LD10 0.006 1.62 1.63 LD11 0.006 2.28 2.41 LD12 0.007 1.30 1.27 LD13 0.116 0.48 0.48 LD14 0.006 1.57 1.56 LD15 0.005 2.08 2.17 D1 0.349 0.47 0.51 D2 0.358 0.42 0.40 D3 0.361 0.43 0.43 D4 0.349 0.40 0.37 D5 0.351 0.43 0.43 D6 0.424 0.44 0.44 D7 0.365 0.46 0.50 D8 0.382 0.54 0.69 D9 0.303 0.41 0.38 D10 0.319 0.40 0.38 SW1 0.004 1.82 1.81 SW2 0.003 2.26 2.29 SW3 0.133 0.44 0.43 SW4 0.004 2.51 2.61
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