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摘要: 鄂尔多斯高原分布有大量湖泊，湖泊蒸发作为地表水的主要排泄方式，是准确评价水资源的关键均衡项之一。研究湖泊蒸发对于认识区域水循环、水资源评价和湖泊生态环境保护等方面有着重要的现实意义和科学价值。然而该地区对于湖泊蒸发的实测资料有限，大多通过折算法和公式法计算。本次研究在鄂尔多斯高原典型湖泊——木凯淖开展原位试验，通过安置在湖泊中心的蒸发器实测水面蒸发，分析蒸发与气象因素之间的相关性，并将原位湖水蒸发和湖边陆面蒸发皿蒸发以及Penman公式理论值进行对比。研究表明，湖水蒸发受湿度和气温两种因素影响较大；湖泊水面蒸发与湖边陆面小蒸发皿的折算系数约为0.85，较前人研究偏大；湖水蒸发受湖水盐度影响很小，可以忽略；与Penman公式计算结果相比，相关性分析结果较高，在缺乏实测资料时，可通过Penman公式估算湖水蒸发。Abstract: A large number of lakes exist in the Ordos Plateau. Lake evaporation, as the main discharge of surface water, is one of the key equilibrium terms for accurate evaluation of water resources. Research on lake evaporation is of important practical significance and scientific value for understanding regional water circulation, evaluating water resources and ecological environmental protection of lakes. However, the actual data of lake evaporation in this area are limited, and most of them are calculated by the conversion method and formula method. In this work, an in-situ test was carried out near the Mukainao lake, a typical lake in the Ordos Plateau, to measure water surface evaporation with an evaporator placed in the center of the lake. In this paper the correlation between evaporation and meteorological factors is analyzed. The evaporation of the lake water in situ is compared with the evaporation in the small evaporator on the lakeside and the theoretical value by using the Penman Equation. The results indicate that evaporation of lake water is more affected by humidity and temperature. The conversion coefficient of lake evaporation and small evaporator on land surface is about 0.85, which is higher than that in the previous studies. The effect of salinity on evaporation of lake water can be negligible. Compared with the calculation result with the Penman formula, the correlation result is higher. The lake evaporation can be estimated with the Penman formula in the absence of measured data.
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Key words:
- Lake evaporation /
- in-situ test /
- Mukainao /
- Ordos Plateau
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