Abstract: In this paper, the Lanzhou loess is used as the research object, and the K0 compression test under different loading rates is carried out. Combined with the experimental results and the “isokinetic theory”, the dynamic response of loess under vibration load and its influencing factors are studied. The results show that the spring back coefficient (a), plastic compression coefficient (b), pre-consolidation pressure (σp) and internal variable reference time (τp) change significantly with the increasing loading rate. Among them, the increase in loading rate has the most important effect on the internal variable reference time, and the effect of loading rate on viscoplastic strain rate parameter (c) is negligible. The calculation and experimental results of soil strain development under the action of contrast vibration show that the model parameters obtained by the test results with faster loading rate have higher theoretical prediction accuracy. In the computational dynamics problem, the value of the σp is 2-3 orders of magnitude less than that under the static conditions, which is used to calculate the maximum difference between the dynamic problem and the static problem. Further calculation and analysis show that the dynamic strain amplitude under the vibration load is positively correlated with the spring back coefficient, and the ratio (b-a)/c and the stress ratio (the ratio of the average of the vibration load to the pre-consolidation pressure) is proportional to the initial load under the action of the plastic strain (“residual strain”). Therefore, in the evaluation of soil dynamic load under the “residual strain”, the mechanical parameters and stress state of the impact should be taken into account.