A study of the genesis mechanism and model of Longyao ground fissures in Hebei plain
-
摘要: 隆尧地裂缝是华北平原地区规模最大、活动性最强、灾害程度最为严重的构造地裂缝，但其与断裂之间的成因研究一直缺少系统的证明材料和完整的理论分析，即隆尧地裂缝与断裂之间是怎样的成生关系仍较为模糊。文章根据现场调查、探槽、地球物理探测和钻孔联合剖面等方法，分析了隆尧地裂缝几何运动特点和深部构造特征，探讨了隆尧地裂缝的成因机理和模式。研究结果表明：隆尧地裂缝（主要指西段）的发育位置与隆尧活动断裂基本重合，地裂缝走向近EW，倾向南，倾角60°~80°，南盘相对北盘下降，具正断性；同时，地裂缝面处黏土层中发育擦痕，上盘发育的分支裂缝与主裂缝相交成“y”型，地裂缝上下盘位移差随深度增加；地球物理探测解译隆尧活动断裂上断点埋深40~50 m，钻孔联合剖面揭示隆尧地裂缝向下延伸与隆尧活动断裂上断点吻合。地裂缝发育位置、产状、几何特点、运动特征与物探解译、钻孔联合剖面揭示的隆尧活动断裂一致，因此，隆尧地裂缝与隆尧活动断裂直接相连。根据上述成因理论，提出了构造地裂缝的一种成因模式——断层直剪式，即：在区域应力加强或转变的基础上，基地隐伏断裂开始蠕滑运动，断层面或断层带向地表延伸，切穿第四系岩土层，在地表形成陡坎。并据此分析了隆尧地裂缝的形成、显现和发展过程，为断层直剪式地裂缝成因研究提供理论指导。Abstract: The Longyao ground fracture is the tectonic ground fracture with a largest scale, which is one of the strongest activity and the most serious degree of disasters in North China Plain. However, the cause of formation between the Longyao ground fracture and faults were seldom examined and complete demonstration materials and systematic theoretical analyses are lacking. Based on field investigation, including trenching, physical exploration and joint borehole profile, etc, this paper analyses the planes, profiles and deep characteristics of ground fissures and discuss the genesis mechanism and mode of the Longyao ground fissures. The development location of the Longyao ground fissures (western part) coincides with the Longyao fault. The ground fissures trends in EW direction, dip south with 60~80 degrees, and is of normality. The ground fissure surface development scratches in the clay layer, the branch fissures in the hanging wall intersects with the main fissures to form a “y” shape, and the displacement between the hanging wall and foot wall increases with depth. The depth of the Longyao active fault upper break poin is 40~50 m by the interpretation of exploration, and the joint borehole profile reveals that the downward extension of the ground fissures coincides with the upper break point of the buried faults. The Longyao ground fracture is directly connected with the Longyao active fault. According to the above genetic theory, a genetic mode of structural ground fissures, fault direct shear type, is proposed. On the basis of regional stress strengthening or transformation, the hidden faults in the base began to creep and slide, the fault surface or fault zone extended to the surface, cut through the Quaternary rock and soil layers, and formed scarps on the surface. The formation, appearance and development of the Longyao ground fissures are analyzed. The results provide theoretical guidance for the study of the cause of ground fissures of direct shear type.
-
-
[1] 万阳,马润勇,王林清,等.河北隆尧跨地裂缝建筑物破坏特征分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2019,30(1):86-92.[WAN Y,MA R Y,WANG L Q,et al.Analysis of building failure characteristics across ground fissure in Longyao county of Hebei Province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2019,30(1):86-92.(in Chinese)]
[2] 曹建玲,白淑芳,姜正义.隆尧地裂缝形变特征及成因分析[J].华北地震科学,2015,33(2):13-19.[CAO J L,BAI S F,JIANG Z Y.Characteristic and mechanism analysis of ground fissures in Longyao[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,2015,33(2):13-19.(in Chinese)]
[3] 马学军,杨旭东,贾国欣.河北平原断层蠕滑地裂缝成因分析[J].中国地质调查,2015,2(8):48-54.[MA X J,YANG X D,JIA G Q.Genesis analysis of fault creep type ground fissures in the Hebei plain[J].Geological Survey of China,2015,2(8):48-54.(in Chinese)]
[4] 李世雄,李守定,郝洪强.河北平原地裂缝分布特征及成因机制研究[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(2):178-183.[LI S X,LI S D,HAO H Q.The distribution characters and origin mechanics of ground fissures hazard in Hebei plain[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(2):178-183.(in Chinese)]
[5] 郭慧,王鑫.河北隆尧现今地裂缝与1966年邢台地震关系[J].华北地震科学,2017,35(1):10-16.[GUO H,WANG X.Relationship between the present-day ground fissures in Hebei Longyao and the 1966 Xingtai earthquake[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,2017,35(1):10-16.(in Chinese)]
[6] 刘沛然,杨成生,赵超英.河北邢台隆尧地裂缝活动PS-InSAR监测与分析[J].测绘技术装备,2017,19(4):42-46.[LIU P R,YANG C S,ZHAO C Y,et al.PS-InSAR monitoring of Longyao ground fissure in Xingtai,Hebei province[J].Geomatics Technology and Equipment,2017,19(4):42-46.(in Chinese)]
[7] 马学军,宋伟,王洪磊.隆尧地裂缝成因[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2011,22(3):43-47.[MA X J,SONG W,WANG H L.Causes for the ground cleave in Longyao county[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2011,22(3):43-47.(in Chinese)]
[8] 冯军,李红光,吴涛,等.河北隆尧隐伏断裂地球化学探测[J].物探与化探,2011,35(5):597-599.[FENG J,LI H G,WU T,et al.Geochemical survey of Longyao concealed fault in Hebei[J].Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration,2011, 35(5):597-599.(in Chinese)]
[9] 徐继山,彭建兵,马学军,等.邢台市隆尧地裂缝发育特征及成因分析[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(2):160-169.[XU J S,PENG J B,MA X J,et al.Characteristic and mechanism analysis of ground fissures in Longyao of Xingtai[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(2):160-169.(in Chinese)]
[10] PENG J B,XU J S,MA R Y,et al.Characteristics and mechanism of the Longyao ground fissure on north China plain, China[J].Engineering Geology,2016,214:136-146.
[11] 宋伟,马学军,贾国欣.邢台隆尧典型断层蠕滑型地裂缝成因初析[J].地质学刊,2011,35(4):405-412.[SONG W,MA X J,JIA G X.Cause analysis of creep type ground fissures for Longyao typical faults in Xingtai[J].Journal of Geology,2011,35(4):405-412.(in Chinese)]
[12] 黄禄渊,杨树新,崔效锋,等.华北地区实测应力特征与断层稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增刊1):204-213.[HUANG L Z,YANG S X,CUI X F,et al.Analysis of characteristics of measured stress and stability of faults in North China[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(Sup1):204-213.(in Chinese)]
[13] 谭成轩,胡秋韵,张鹏,等.日本MW9.0级大地震前后华北和东北地区现今构造应力作用调整过程与研究意义探讨[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):345-359.[TAN C X,HU Q Y,ZHANG P,et al.Present tectonic stress adjustment process before and after Japan MW9.0 earthquake in North and Northeast China and its research significance[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(1):345-359.(in Chinese)]
[14] 徐杰,方仲景,杨理华.1966年邢台7.2级地震的构造背景与发震构造[J].地震地质,1988,10(4):51-59.[XU J,FANG Z J,YANG L H.Tectonic background and causative fault of 1996 Xingtai MS7.2 earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,1988,10(4):51-59.(in Chinese)]
[15] 陈望和,倪明云.河北第四纪地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:4-68.[CHENG W H,NI M Y.Hebei Quaternary geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1987:4-68.(in Chinese)]
[16] 李志明,杨旭东,兰剑梅,等.河北邢台柏乡地裂缝成因分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(2):135-138.[LI Z M,YANG X D,LAN J M,et al.An analysis of earth fissures at Baixiang county,Xingtai city[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2010,37(2):135-138.(in Chinese)]
[17] YANG C S,LU Z,ZHANG Q,et al.Deformation at Longyao ground fissure and its surroundings,north China plain,revealed by ALOS PALSAR PS-InSAR[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation,2018,67:1-9.
[18] 蒋臻蔚,彭建兵,王启耀.先存断裂对抽水沉降及地裂缝活动影响的数值模拟[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(4):1099-1103.[JIANG Z W,PENG J B,WANG Q Y. Numerical simulation of the effect of preexisting fault on land subsidence and ground fissures during pumping[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(4):1099-1103.(in Chinese)]
[19] 王启耀,蒋臻蔚,彭建兵.抽水作用下先存断裂活化滑移机制研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2013,40(2):108-112.[WANG Q Y,JIANG Z W,PENG J B.Mechanism of reactivation and slip of the preexisting fault under pumping[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2013, 40(2):108-112.(in Chinese)]
[20] 沈正康,万永革,甘卫军,等.华北地区700年来地壳应力场演化与地震的关系研究[J].中国地震,2004,20(3):211-228.[SHEN Z K,WAN Y G,GAN W J,et al.Crustal stress evolution of the last 700 years in north China and earthquake occurrence[J].Earthquake Research in China,2004,20(3):211-228.(in Chinese)]
[21] 李瑞莎,崔效锋,刁桂苓,等.华北北部地区现今应力场时空变化特征研究[J].地震学报,2008,30(6):570-580.[LI R S,CUI X F,DIAO G L,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of the present crustal stress in northern part of North China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2008,30(6):570-580.(in Chinese)]
[22] 黄强兵,马玉杰,姜紫看,等.地裂缝活动作用下地层应力和位移传递规律研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2018,45(1):144-150.[HUANG Q B,MA Y J,JIANG Z K,et al.A study of the transfer law of formation stress and displacement induced by active ground fissures[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2018,45(1):144-150.(in Chinese)]
[23] 张家茹,邵学钟,章思亚,等.邢台强震的深部三维构造背景和孕震条件[J].地震地质,1994,16(4):319-328.[ZHANG J R,SHAO X Z,ZHANG S Y,et al.Background of 3-D deep structure and dynamic conditions for occurrence of strong Xingtai earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,1994,16(4):319-328.(in Chinese)]
[24] 于文才,杨亚磊,卢全中,等.不同活动速率下隐伏地裂缝的模型试验研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2019,30(2):98-105.[YU W C,YANG Y L,LU Q Z,et al.Comparative study on physical model test of concealed ground fissure rupture propagation under different activity rates[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2019,30(2):98-105.(in Chinese)]
[25] 邵长庆,杨强,李浩,等.活动断层作用下地裂缝开裂机理研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2019,46(4):34-41.[SHAO C Q,YANG Q,LI H,et al A study of the cracking mechanism of ground fissures under the action of active faults[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2019, 46(4):34-41.(in Chinese)]
-
计量
- 文章访问数: 620
- PDF下载数: 105
- 施引文献: 0
下载: