玛曲高原区潜水水化学和氢氧同位素特征

王振; 郭华明; 刘海燕; 赵威光; 刘帅; 王娇; 沈萌萌

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.201912013

玛曲高原区潜水水化学和氢氧同位素特征

1.
东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院，江西南昌　330032

2.
东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室，江西南昌　330032

3.
中国地质大学（北京）水资源与环境学院，北京　100083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41902243）；中央高校基本科研业务经费（2652013028）；博士科研启动基金（1410000691）

详细信息

作者简介: 王振（1990-），男，讲师，主要从事水文地球化学方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail: wzhen@ecit.cn

通讯作者: 郭华明（1975-），男，教授，主要从事水文地质学方面的教学与科研工作。E-mail: hmguo@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641.3

收稿日期: 2019-12-25

修回日期: 2020-04-15

刊出日期: 2021-01-15

Hydrochemical and hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics of subsurface water in the Maqu Plateau

1.
School of Water Resources and Environment Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi　330032, China

2.
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi　330013, China

3.
School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing　100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: GUO Huaming, hmguo@cugb.edu.cn

Received Date: 25 December 2019

Revised Date: 15 April 2020

Publish Date: 15 January 2021

摘要

摘要:
玛曲高原区地下水是黄河的重要补给水源，然而其水化学特征及形成机理认识还十分有限。通过采集玛曲潜水、河水和黄河河道沉积物，系统研究了玛曲高原区地下水水化学、同位素特征以及水文地球化学过程。结果表明：河水和潜水的溶解性总固体含量低，分别为72～195 mg/L和207～459 mg/L，水化学成分以Ca²⁺和 ${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $ 为主，水样中砷浓度为0.46～17.7 μg/L。氢氧同位素结果表明，地下水和河水补给来源为当地大气降水，河水相对潜水富集δ¹⁸O和δD。河水水化学组成主要受蒸发浓缩作用的影响，而潜水主要受碳酸盐岩溶解作用的影响。潜水水样SI_白云石小于0的占68%，表明潜水中白云石处于不饱和状态。某些潜水砷含量超标的原因可能是沉积物铁锰氧化物矿物的还原性溶解，而砷的来源可能是玛曲河道和浅层松散沉积物中吸附态砷。研究成果有助于揭示黄河上游玛曲段地下水的来源及地下水化学成分的形成机理。
- 黄河水源区 /
- 玛曲高原 /
- 稳定同位素 /
- 水-岩相互作用 /
- 含水层
Abstract:
Groundwater is an important source of recharge to the Yellow River in the area of the Maqu Plateau, but little is known about the groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and the formation mechanism. Phreatic water samples, surface water samples and sediment samples were collected from the study area to investigate their hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics and hydrogeochemical processes. The results show that river water and phreatic water samples have low salinity with Ca²⁺ and ${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $ being the main constituents (TDS of 72−195 mg/L and 207−459 mg/L, respectively). Concentration of arsenic (As) in water samples range from 0.46 μg/L to 17.7 μg/L. The plot of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes shows that the phreatic water and surface water are mainly recharged from local meteoric water. The river water is relatively enriched in¹⁸O and D relative to the phreatic water. The hydrochemistry of the river water are mainly influenced by evaporation, while the phreatic water is mainly influenced by rock weathering involving dissolution of carbonates. Saturation index of dolomite (SI_dolomite) in 68% phreatic water samples is below zero, indicating that the phreatic water is unsaturated with respect to dolomite. As in the groundwater are possibly the result of reductive dissolution of iron-manganese oxide minerals in the unconfined aquifer sediments, which may be sourced from adsorbed As forms in the iron-manganese oxide minerals. This study is helpful in revealing the source of shallow groundwater and genesis mechanisms of groundwater chemicals in the upper stream of the Yellow River.
- the Yellow River catchment areas /
- Maqu Plateau /
- stable isotopes /
- water-rock interactions /
- aquifer

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图 1 研究区采样点位置图

Figure 1.

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图 2 研究区水样的Piper三线图

Figure 2.

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图 3 水样δD 和δ¹⁸O同位素关系图

Figure 3.

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图 4 δ¹⁸O随深度的变化

Figure 4.

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图 5 研究区水样点的Gibbs图

Figure 5.

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图 6 Ca²⁺/Na⁺和 ${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $ /Na⁺摩尔比的关系图

Figure 6.

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图 7 ${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $ 与Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、方解石与白云石的饱和指数的关系图

Figure 7.

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图 8 ORP与亚铁(a)和砷(b)的关系图

Figure 8.

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表 1 研究区水化学特征

Table 1. Hydrochemical eigenvalues of the study area

参数	潜水			河水
参数	最小值	最大值	均值		最小值	最大值	均值
井深/ m	3	36	16.5		−	−	−
水温/ ℃	5.7	10.1	7.3		16.9	20.8	19.4
pH	6.8	8	7.5		7.68	8.78	8.35
ORP/ mV	−98	95.7	−15.1		25.4	81.1	53.2
TDS/(mg·L⁻¹)	207	459	320		72.0	195	165
Na⁺/(mg·L⁻¹)	5.7	36.2	12		5.31	13.6	10.4
Ca²⁺/(mg·L⁻¹)	45.1	182	106		31.6	49.8	44.3
K⁺/(mg·L⁻¹)	1.3	18.7	4.4		1.29	1.64	1.43
Mg²⁺/(mg·L⁻¹)	7.8	27.2	14.0		4.69	13.9	11.21
Cl⁻/(mg·L⁻¹)	4.0	15.2	8.0		2.83	10.2	7.83
/(mg·L⁻¹)	3.5	90.6	18.5		5.05	19.2	14.8
/(mg·L⁻¹)	0.0	10.1	3.5		0.00	4.63	2.33
/(mg·L⁻¹)	258	601	382		136	199	175
Fe²⁺/(mg·L⁻¹)	0.0	2.6	0.4		0.01	0.09	0.03
−N/(mg·L⁻¹)	0.0	0.9	0.2		0.01	0.14	0.04
As/(μg·L⁻¹)	0.46	17.7	4.40		1.07	3.05	1.65
Fe_Tal/(μg·L⁻¹)	11.3	3980	754		14.3	97.2	43.0
Mn_Tal/(μg·L⁻¹)	0.5	1080	323		3.56	201	31.2
TOC/(mg·L⁻¹)	0.8	8.1	2.6		1.76	6.84	3.26
δ¹⁸O/‰	−13.3	−10.2	−11.8		−11.5	−9.48	−10.6
δD/‰	−102	−78.2	−88.0		−87.0	−74.1	−79.8
SI_方解石	−0.3	0.8	0.2		−0.31	0.97	0.60
SI_白云石	−1.5	0.8	−0.4		−1.15	1.48	0.86

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表 2 研究区水化学成分相关矩阵

Table 2. Correlation coefficient matrix of groundwater chemical compositions in study area

	TDS		Cl⁻		Ca²⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺
TDS	1	0.94^**	0.60^**	0.80^**	0.96^**	−0.12	0.81^**	−0.13
		1	0.44^**	0.63^**	0.95^**	−0.29	0.80^**	−0.27
Cl⁻			1	0.46^**	0.50^**	−0.11	0.46^**	−0.04
				1	0.81^**	−0.06	0.71^**	−0.08
Ca²⁺					1	−0.30	0.80^**	−0.33 ^*
K⁺						1	−0.36^*	0.73^**
Mg²⁺							1	−0.23
Na⁺								1
注：*表示在 0.01 水平（双侧）上显著相关；表示在 0.05 水平（双侧）上显著相关。

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