Preliminary study on classification and investigation of surface substrate
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摘要: 地表基质分类研究是开展地表基质调查的基础，而厘清地表基质的科学内涵、时空展布特征、支撑服务目标及调查精度等是开展调查的前提条件。文章充分借鉴区域地质、水文地质、工程地质、第四纪地质、环境地质等学科分类和图件表达方式，综合岩石、砾石、沙、土壤等的物质组成、成因类型、地貌形态和粒度质地等，初步将地表基质的类型划分为四个层级，并提出了地表基质层的物质组成、成因属性和研究深度范围，指出了未来开展地表基质调查和编图的主要方向，结果为地表基质统一分类体系构建和全国范围开展的地表基质调查提供了参考依据。Abstract: In January 2020, the "General scheme for construction of natural resources survey and monitoring system" was issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and the concept of the surface substrates layer was proposed. Classification on the surface substrates is a foundation work for carrying out its surveys, and the prerequisites for conducting surface substrates layers survey conclude to clarify the scientific connotation, temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, supporting targets and survey accuracy of surface substrates. In this paper, we fully draw on the classification methods and map expression styles of regional geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology, Quaternary geology, environmental geology, etc., and integrate the material composition, genetic types, landform shapes and grain sizes of rocks, gravel, sand and soil. On the basis of above, the classification of surface substrate is preliminarily divided into four levels, and we also propose the material composition, genetic attributes, and depth range of the surface substrate layers. Finally, the main investigation and mapping directions for future surface substrate layers are pointed out. All these results will provide a basis reference for the unified classification system of surface substrates and national survey conduction.
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