Seepage control effect and sensitivity analysis of anti-seepage measures for sand-mudstone interbedded foundation
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摘要:
砂泥岩互层岩体是一种典型的复杂地质条件，其渗流场分布规律复杂，且传统渗流分析方法难以准确描述该规律。文章提出砂泥岩互层地基等效渗流场计算方法，揭示砂泥岩互层地基渗流场分布规律及不同渗控方案对其的影响。首先根据砂泥岩互层地基构造特点，提出基于土体分层渗流的砂泥岩互层地基等效渗流场计算方法；进而基于砂泥岩互层地基上的普化水库工程，建立反映工程区地质条件、枢纽布置和防渗措施的三维渗流场有限元计算模型；并讨论了砂泥岩互层岩体渗透各向异性对渗流场的影响，分析了不同防渗帷幕深度和长度组合方案对砂泥岩互层地基渗流场的控制效果。研究表明：（1）帷幕未完全截断透水层时，加深防渗帷幕深度可以明显降低坝基及两岸山体渗流量，使两岸山体溢出点渗透坡降逐渐减小，而使坝基部位和防渗帷幕的渗透坡降逐渐增加；（2）延长防渗帷幕长度可以降低两岸山体渗流量和渗透坡降，且帷幕长度增加只对帷幕加长侧渗流场产生较大的影响，但是随着帷幕长度进一步增加，对防渗效果提升的作用逐渐减弱；（3）砂泥岩互层地基渗流呈现各向异性特点，通过设置合理的防渗帷幕深度和长度可以有效控制地基的渗流量。研究成果可为砂泥岩互层地基的渗流控制提供理论参考。
Abstract:Sand-mudstone interbedded frock mass presents a typical complex geological condition, with a highly intricate seepage field distribution. Traditional seepage control analysis methods are difficult to accurately describe the behavior of the seepage field. Based on the innovative calculation method of the equivalent seepage field in the sand mudstone interlayer foundation, this study revealed the distribution pattern of the equivalent seepage field in the sand-mudstone interbedded foundation and the influence of different seepage control schemes on it. It proposed a calculation method for the equivalent seepage field of sand and mudstone interlayer foundation based on the structural characteristics of sand and mudstone interlayer foundation and the layered seepage of soil. Building upon this, a three-dimensional finite element seepage field computational model was developed for Puhua reservoir project, which incorporates the geological conditions, layout of the structure, and seepage control measures. The study investigated the influence of the permeability anisotropy of the sand-mudstone interbedded foundation on the seepage field, and analyzed the effects of different combinations of depths and lengths of impermeable curtains on the seepage flow and seepage gradient of the surrounding rock masses. The results show that when the permeable layer is not completely intercepted by the curtain, increasing the depth of the impermeable curtain can significantly reduce the seepage flow in the dam foundation and both abutment rock masses. Deepening the impermeable curtain reduces the seepage gradient at the seepage outflow point of the abutment rock masses while increasing the seepage gradient at the dam foundation and the impermeable curtain. Lengthening the impermeable curtain can reduce the seepage flow and seepage gradient of both abutment rock masses. Increasing the curtain length primarily affects the seepage flow field on the side where the curtain is extended, but further improvements in seepage control become less significant as the curtain lengthens. The seepage of sand-mudstone interbedded foundation exhibits anisotropic characteristics, and the seepage flow of the foundation can be effectively controlled by setting a reasonable depth and length of anti-seepage curtain. This study provides valuable insights for selecting seepage control measures on sand-mudstone interbedded foundations.
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表 1 等效渗透系数取值范围与反演值
Table 1. Value range and inversion value of permeability coefficient of each part
岩层 岩层产状 顺层渗透性 切层渗透性 渗透率/Lu 等效渗透系数
/（m·s−1）反演渗透系数
/（m·s−1）渗透率/Lu 等效渗透系数
/（m·s−1）反演渗透系数
/（m·s−1）强风化层 砂岩 各向异性 >100 8.31×10−6～6.59×10−5 5.17×10−5 >100 5.16×10−6～3.55×10−5 2.12×10−5 泥岩 各向异性 >30 >22 弱风化层 砂岩 各向异性 >100 6.70×10−7～3.24×10−6 1.40×10−6 >100 1.53×10−7～0.67×10−6 8.30×10−7 泥岩 各向异性 5.73～23.60 3.51～7.98 微新岩层 砂岩 各向异性 2.87～12.60 4.59×10−7～9.73×10−7 6.25×10−7 1.18～3.54 0.36×10−7～4.93×10−7 1.20×10−7 泥岩 各向异性 0.77～2.18 0.21～1.53 
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表 2 计算工况
Table 2. Load cases
计算工况 工况编号 防渗帷幕方案 深度 两岸长度 设计帷幕布置方案 工况1 嵌入相对3 Lu线以下5 m 左岸100 m，右岸70 m 帷幕深度敏感性分析 工况2—4 加深5，10，20 m 左岸100 m，右岸70 m 左岸帷幕长度敏感性分析 工况5—9 加深10 m 左岸延长20，40，60，80，100 m 右岸帷幕长度敏感性分析 工况10—14 加深10 m 右岸延长10，20，30，40，50 m
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