Technology and mechanical properties of a shallow-buried biased tunnel approaching in fully weathered granite: A case study of Xiangsi Mountain tunnel
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摘要:
隧道洞口作为隧道的咽喉部位，时常存在浅埋偏压和围岩稳定性较差的问题。全风化花岗岩具有结构松散、自身稳定性较差、遇水易软化崩解的特点。然而，目前针对全风化花岗岩浅埋偏压隧道洞口稳定性的研究还不够全面，亟需提出一种适用于全风化花岗岩浅埋偏压隧道的进洞技术，来解决这类隧道洞口易失稳的问题。为了研究全风化花岗岩浅埋偏压隧道洞口的稳定性，以广东省新兴县相思山隧道为研究案例，选定三台阶七步环形开挖预留核心土法作为隧道的进洞方法，并根据选定的进洞方法，通过数值模拟手段来分析围岩位移和支护内力的变化特征。研究发现，在隧道深埋侧采用锚杆格梁和方格型骨架护坡能使边仰坡的安全系数提高64.6%，相较于传统方法，在隧道进洞处和边坡坡脚设置锚固桩能提高浅埋侧13.7%和10.1%的抵抗力。由于受到深埋侧土体的挤压，隧道表现出向浅埋侧水平位移的趋势。初支的监测位移与数值模拟结果相差较小，最大差值仅为6.5 mm，位于拱顶处，最小差值为2.6 mm，位于右墙脚处。采用三台阶七步环形开挖预留核心土法，配合深埋和浅埋侧不同的支护措施能有效地提高全风化花岗岩浅埋偏压隧道的稳定性。研究结果可以为类似隧道工程的设计施工提供数据支持和工程借鉴。
Abstract:As a critical part of a tunnel, the tunnel entrance often encounters issues of shallow burial under bias pressure and poor stability of the surrounding rock. Completely weathered granite is characterized by a loose structure, poor intrinsic stability, and a tendency to soften and disintegrate when exposed to water. However, the knowledge on the stability of shallow-buried, biased tunnels in weathered granite is not completely understood. There is a pressing need to develop an appropriate tunneling technique to address the instability commonly encountered at tunnel portals in such conditions. Based on the Xiangsi Mountain tunnel in Xinxing county, Guangdong Province, this study analyzed the stability of tunnel entrances in shallow-buried and biased-pressure environments with completely weathered granite. Numerical simulations with tunneling method of three-step, seven-sequence circular excavation with core soil reservation were conducted to analyze the displacement of surrounding rock and the variation characteristics of internal support force. The results show that using anchor rod lattice beams and square frame slope protection on the deeply buried side can increase the safety factor of the side slope by 64.6%. Compared to traditional methods, installing anchor piles at the tunnel entrance and the slope toe can enhance resistance on the shallowly buried side by 13.7% and 10.1%, respectively. Due to compression from the deeply buried side, the tunnel tends to displace horizontally towards the shallowly buried side. The monitored displacement of the initial support closely matches the numerical simulation results, with a maximum difference of only 6.5 mm at the vault and a minimum difference of 2.6 mm at the right wall foot. The three-bench, seven-step circular excavation method with reserved core soil, combined with different support measures for the deep and shallow sides, can effectively improve the stability of shallow-buried biased tunnels in completely weathered granite. This study provides data support and engineering references for the design and construction of similar tunnel projects.
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表 1 地层及注浆加固区物理力学参数
Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of the stratum and grouted reinforcement zone
风化程度 容重
/（kN·m−3）弹性模量
/GPa黏聚力
/MPa摩擦角
/（°）泊松比 全风化花岗岩 18.33 0.026 0.023 15.66 0.32 强风化花岗岩 22.50 0.240 0.090 28.00 0.28 弱风化花岗岩 26.30 9.110 3.540 42.96 0.24 管棚注浆加固区 21.63 0.186 0.062 24.80 0.25 
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表 2 支护材料参数
Table 2. Parameters of support material
支护类型 混凝土等级 容重/（kN·m−3） 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 初期支护 C25 23.4 26.1 0.2 二次衬砌 C35 25 31.5 0.2 仰拱填充 C20 23 25.5 0.2 护拱 C35 25 31.5 0.2 锚固桩 C35 25 31.5 0.2 钻孔桩 C35 25 31.5 0.2
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