Entropy weight-TOPSIS model in soil quality evaluation of Beijing-Hebei limestone mining area
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摘要:
进行京冀灰岩矿区生态修复是缓解区域生态环境压力、保障生态安全、促进可持续发展的迫切需求。土壤质量是灰岩矿区生态修复的关键，但目前对于灰岩矿区土壤质量及关键影响指标的认识仍存在不足，亟需建立科学客观的评价体系来指导生态修复工作。研究选取北京下庄、北京文殊峪、河北玉田、河北满城4个典型灰岩矿区，采集矿区平台场地未修复和修复的土壤样品，检测了pH、电导率、土壤养分、土壤酶活性、阳离子交换量等11个指标，采用熵权-TOPSIS模型评价京冀周边灰岩矿区土壤质量。结果表明：（1）在未修复矿区土壤质量评价中，碱性磷酸酶所占权重最大，其次是 阳离子交换量、脲酶、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、电导率、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和pH；在修复矿区，碱性磷酸酶影响最大，其次是脲酶和蔗糖酶。（2）矿区未修复平台场地土壤质量相对贴近度为0.123～0.644，土壤质量总体水平相对较低；已修复平台场地土壤质量相对贴近度为0.145～0.873，土壤质量相较于未修复土壤有所提高，酶活性、有效磷和速效钾含量丰富，有机质和碱解氮总体水平偏低。（3）4个矿区土壤质量总体水平差异较大，下庄矿区修复效果最好，满城、文殊峪、玉田矿区相对较差，土壤质量水平还需提高。针对未来灰岩矿区平台场地修复，应该更加重视土壤酶活性相关指标，注意施肥比例等。研究成果可为灰岩矿区生态修复实践提供指导作用。
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关键词:
- 灰岩矿山 /
- 矿山修复 /
- 土壤质量评价 /
- 熵权-TOPSIS模型
Abstract:Ecological restoration of the limestone mining areas in Beijing-Hebei is crucial for alleviating regional ecological stress, safeguarding ecological security, and promoting sustainable development. Soil quality is the key to ecological restoration in limestone mining areas. However, current understanding of soil conditions and the dominant influencing factors in these areas remains limited. This study investigated soil quality in four representative limestone mining sites: Mancheng in Hebei Province, Xiazhuang in Beijing, Wenshuyu in Beijing, and Yutian in Hebei Province. Soil samples from the platform sites of the mining areas, both un-rehabilitated and rehabilitated, were collected. Eleven indicators, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities, and cation exchange capacity, were detected. The entropy weight-TOPSIS model was adopted to evaluate the soil quality of the limestone mining areas around Beijing-Hebei. The results show that in the un-rehabilitated mining area, alkaline phosphatase has the largest weight, followed by cation exchange capacity (CEC), urease, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, EC, sucrase, catalase, and pH. In the rehabilitated mining area, alkaline phosphatase has the greatest impact, followed by urease and sucrase. The relative closeness of soil quality (Ci) in the un-rehabilitated platform site of the limestone mining area is from 0.123 to 0.644, and the overall level is relatively low. The Ci of the rehabilitated platform site was within the range of 0.145 − 0.873. Compared with the un-rehabilitated soil, the soil quality was improved. The enzyme activity, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents were abundant, while the overall levels of organic matter and hydrolysable nitrogen were relatively low, with large variation. Xiazhuang demonstrates the best restoration outcomes, whereas Mancheng, Wenshuyu, and Yutian exhibited relatively weak recovery. For the future restoration of the platform site in the limestone mining area, more attention should be paid to the relevant indicators of soil enzyme activity and the proportion of fertilization, etc. This study can provide guidance for the ecological restoration practice of limestone mining areas.
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表 1 灰岩矿区未修复平台场地土壤质量评价指标描述性统计
Table 1. Descriptive statistics of soil quality evaluation index of un-rehabilitated platform site in the limestone mining area
指标 最小值 最大值 平均值 标准差 变异系数 pH 7.35 8.62 8.07 0.28 0.03 EC/（mS·cm−1） 0.06 0.40 0.10 0.06 0.59 有机质/（g·kg−1） 1.17 10.00 4.71 2.25 0.48 速效钾/（mg·kg−1） 9.76 146.20 46.54 31.93 0.69 有效磷/（mg·kg−1） 0.20 6.20 1.97 1.63 0.83 碱解氮/（mg·kg−1） 4.73 44.38 15.00 9.96 0.66 CEC/（mol·kg−1） 0.50 20.70 4.45 4.99 1.12 过氧化氢酶/（μmol·g−1） 121.53 499.15 310.57 97.22 0.31 碱性磷酸酶/（nmol·g−1） 0.52 967.41 167.72 226.36 1.35 脲酶/（μg·g−1） 12.45 326.71 78.83 80.56 1.02 蔗糖酶/（mg·g−1） 0.36 12.02 4.78 2.85 0.60 注：变异系数无单位，表2同。 
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表 2 灰岩矿区已修复平台场地土壤质量评价指标描述性统计
Table 2. Descriptive statistics of soil quality evaluation index of rehabilitated platform site in the limestone mining area
指标 最小值 最大值 平均值 标准差 变异系数 pH 7.56 8.46 7.96 0.22 0.03 EC/（mS·cm−1） 0.07 0.21 0.12 0.03 0.29 有机质/（g·kg−1） 2.22 54.01 9.18 11.29 1.23 速效钾/（mg·kg−1） 73.96 229.63 119.87 37.91 0.32 有效磷/（mg·kg−1） 2.80 49.00 11.26 10.31 0.92 碱解氮/（mg·kg−1） 9.09 214.66 45.86 55.60 1.21 CEC/（mol·kg−1） 5.90 24.00 13.12 5.71 0.44 过氧化氢酶/（μmol·g−1） 211.41 468.24 347.70 58.86 0.17 碱性磷酸酶/（nmol·g−1） 1.47 7509.89 1227.83 1847.54 1.50 脲酶/（μg·g−1） 15.76 2156.94 264.16 436.25 1.65 蔗糖酶/（mg·g−1） 0.47 51.34 15.46 16.02 1.04
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表 3 灰岩矿区未修复平台场地土壤质量评价表
Table 3. Soil quality evaluation of un-rehabilitated platform site in the limestone mining area
取样点 D+ D− Ci 排名 WSY-18 0.132 0.239 0.644 1 YT-24 0.248 0.206 0.453 2 MC-2 0.255 0.194 0.432 3 MC-1 0.263 0.196 0.427 4 XZ-11 0.258 0.179 0.409 5 WSY-17 0.243 0.142 0.369 6 YT-26 0.254 0.140 0.356 7 XZ-9 0.255 0.129 0.337 8 MC-3 0.288 0.135 0.318 9 YT-30 0.273 0.115 0.296 10 WSY-15 0.260 0.107 0.292 11 XZ-8 0.267 0.097 0.266 12 YT-22 0.293 0.106 0.266 13 YT-29 0.274 0.097 0.262 14 XZ-7 0.271 0.096 0.261 15 WSY-13 0.291 0.101 0.259 16 MC-6 0.315 0.109 0.258 17 MC-4 0.309 0.106 0.255 18 WSY-16 0.268 0.091 0.254 19 YT-19 0.287 0.095 0.249 20 XZ-10 0.295 0.097 0.247 21 YT-27 0.277 0.090 0.245 22 YT-28 0.295 0.086 0.225 23 XZ-12 0.297 0.078 0.207 24 WSY-14 0.289 0.074 0.205 25 YT-25 0.297 0.068 0.186 26 YT-23 0.315 0.057 0.153 27 YT-21 0.309 0.052 0.144 28 YT-20 0.316 0.052 0.141 29 MC-5 0.324 0.046 0.123 30
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表 4 灰岩矿区未修复平台场地土壤质量综合评价指数分级区间
Table 4. Soil quality grading interval of un-rehabilitated platform site in the limestone mining area
指标 矿区 满城 文殊峪 下庄 玉田 Ci 0.123～0.432 0.205～0.644 0.207～0.409 0.141～0.453
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表 5 灰岩矿区已修复平台场地土壤质量评价表
Table 5. Soil quality evaluation table of rehabilitated platform site in limestone mining area
取样点 D+ D- Ci 排名 XZ-9 0.054 0.369 0.873 1 WSY-13 0.273 0.198 0.421 3 YT-22 0.281 0.169 0.376 4 WSY-16 0.289 0.171 0.372 5 WSY-14 0.300 0.134 0.309 6 YT-20 0.318 0.135 0.297 7 XZ-7 0.316 0.121 0.277 8 WSY-12 0.305 0.111 0.267 9 YT-18 0.352 0.118 0.252 10 YT-21 0.343 0.114 0.249 11 MC-6 0.326 0.103 0.241 12 WSY-11 0.327 0.091 0.218 13 XZ-8 0.340 0.084 0.198 14 YT-17 0.357 0.088 0.198 15 MC-2 0.362 0.084 0.189 16 WSY-15 0.348 0.077 0.182 17 MC-4 0.336 0.073 0.179 18 MC-5 0.348 0.074 0.176 19 YT-19 0.355 0.067 0.158 20 MC-1 0.367 0.066 0.152 21 MC-3 0.368 0.062 0.145 22
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表 6 灰岩矿区已修复平台场地土壤质量综合评价指数分级区间
Table 6. Soil quality grading interval of rehabilitated platform site in the limestone mining area
指标 矿区 满城 文殊峪 下庄 玉田 Ci 0.145～0.241 0.182～0.421 0.198～0.873 0.158～0.376
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