Causes and influential factor analysis of landslides and rockfalls in north & south mountain areas of Xining City, Qinghai Province
-
摘要:
近年来，随着青藏高原暖湿化加剧，降雨量及极端降雨天气增多等原因，西宁市南北山地质灾害呈多发群发、逐年增长态势，尤其是滑坡、崩塌灾害，造成了严重的人员伤亡和经济损失，严重威胁西宁市区居民、基础设施、绿化设施安全。为积极应对南北山地质灾害严峻形势，保障居民生活生产安全，巩固已有来之不易的绿化成果，深入分析了西宁市南北山近18年以来地质灾害发生情况、分布规律及影响因素，提出了南北山地质灾害重点预防时期、重点防范区域、对绿化区的影响及后期防治建议。
Abstract:In recent years, with the aggravation of warming and humidification in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, regional rainfall increase and extreme rainfall weather happened frequently, unexpected geo-hazards in North & South Mountains area of Xining City are frequently and massively increasing year by year, especially the landslide and collapse disasters, which cause serious casualties and economic losses, and seriously threaten the safety of residents, infrastructure and greening facilities in Xining City. In order to actively deal with the severe geo-hazards situation in the area, ensure the safety of residents' life and consolidate the hard-won greening achievements, the occurrence, distribution and influence factors of geo-hazards in the area in the past 18 years are analyzed deeply, the key prevention period, key prevention area, influence on green area and later prevention suggestions are put forward.
-
Key words:
- landslide /
- influential factors /
- distribution law /
- prevention suggestions
-
-
表 1 1979—2019年西宁市泥石流一览表
Table 1. List of debris flow in Xining City from 1979—2019
发生时间 地区 规模/（104 m3） 人员 经济损失/万元 死 伤 1979 付家寨片区 / 0 0 2.71 1987 瓦窑沟流域 / 0 0 1000 1994-07-05 马坊、盐庄及大寺沟 20.73 2 1 2250 1995-09-03 沙巴沟 0.14 9 1 2250 1997-08-05 瓦窑沟 2.4 0 0 1200 1997-08-05 一颗印大山沟 3.5 2 3 1125 1997-08-05 付家寨 4.125 0 3 10 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 西宁市南北山典型地质灾害基本情况一览表
Table 2. List of basic information of typical geological hazards in north and south mountains of Xining City
发生日期 灾害名称 体积/m3 人员伤亡 其它损失 直接经济损失/万元 死 伤 2006-08-19 付家寨绿化区滑坡 31.68 0 0 130亩林地、16.59万株苗木，0.5 km道路、2 km供水管网、10座闸阀井及3间管护房损毁 163.45 2015-06-24 付家寨绿化区滑坡 2.72 0 0 绿化区林木、道路和管护基地房屋等损毁 200 2017-08-08 王家庄绿化区滑坡 4.68 4 0 11间管理用房掩埋及供电等设施损毁 81 2019-07-04 朝阳绿化区滑坡 7.2 0 0 3条灌溉管网断裂，200 m绿化专用道路损毁 50 2019-11-05 朝阳绿化区滑坡 12 0 0 两处墓地损毁，电塔沉陷，网围栏被埋 30 2019-11-18 付家寨绿化区滑坡 39.42 0 0 绿化道路600 m，管护房10间损毁 22.5
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 斜坡要素对滑坡、崩塌影响统计表
Table 3. Statistical table of influence of slope elements on landslide and collapse
地质灾害 坡形 坡度/（°） 坡向/（°） 凸起形 阶梯形 直线形 20～30 30-40 40～50 50～60 60～70 70～80 80～90 阳坡
90～270阴坡
270～90滑坡 数量 9 60 24 2 30 36 7 7 4 7 54 39 占比/% 9.7 64.5 25.8 2.2 32.3 38.7 7.5 7.5 4.3 7.5 58.1 41.9 崩塌 数量 28 0 4 0 0 0 1 1 2 28 29 3 占比/% 87.5 0 12.5 0 0 0 3.1 3.1 6.3 87.5 90.6 9.4
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 2002—2019年西宁市南北山地质灾害发生起数按月份统计表
Table 4. Monthly statistics on the occurrence of geological disasters in the north and south mountains of Xining City from 2002 to 2019
月份 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 灾害起数 9 2 7 11 9 14 20 27 13 4 8 1
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 郑淑霞, 马玉林. 西宁南北山主要生态景观林土壤渗透功能的分析与评价[J]. 青海大学学报,2015,33(1):32 − 36. [ZHENG Shuxia, MA Yulin. Analysis and evaluation on permeability function of soil of the main ecological landscape forests in North-South mountains in Xining areas[J]. Journal of Qinghai University,2015,33(1):32 − 36. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 王周. 生态文明视角下西宁市南北山绿化成效思考[J]. 青海大学学报,2015,33(3):359 − 362. [WANG Zhou. Thinking on the afforestation effect of the South-North hills in Xining under the perspective of ecological civilization[J]. Journal of Qinghai University,2015,33(3):359 − 362. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] 贺东辰, 刘维义. 从水利灌溉谈西宁市南北两山生态治理[J]. 青海环境,2004,14(4):142 − 144. [HE Dongchen, LIU Weiyi. Talk about the ecological treatment of North and South mountains in Xining City[J]. Journal of Qinghai Environment,2004,14(4):142 − 144. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2454.2004.04.002
[4] 李雪林. 对西宁市南北山绿化工程建设的思考[J]. 现代农业科技,2015(13):222 − 224. [LI Xuelin. Consideration on construction of greening project of Nanshan & Beishan in Xining City[J]. Journal of Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2015(13):222 − 224. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2015.13.140
[5] 王维岳, 蔡秋青. 西宁市山地崩塌、滑坡灾害及其防治对策[J]. 中国水土保持,1996(4):24 − 27. [WANG Weiyue, CAI Qiuqing. Mountain collapse and landslide disaster in Xining City and their prevention measures[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China,1996(4):24 − 27. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 杨玲, 权开兄, 代庆礼, 等. 西宁市重大地质灾害隐患分布规律研究[J]. 青海环境,2015,25(3):113 − 116. [YANG Ling, QUAN Kaixiong, DAI Qingli, et a1. Study on the distribution law of hidden dangers of major geological disasters in Xining City[J]. Journal of Qinghai Environment,2015,25(3):113 − 116. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2454.2015.03.004
[7] 魏刚, 殷志强, 史立群, 等. 西宁市北山地区林家崖滑坡发育特征及稳定性分析[J]. 地质与资源,2015,24(2):146 − 151. [WEI Gang, YIN Zhiqiang, SHI Liqun, et a1. The development characteristics and stability analysis of Linjiaya landslides in Beishan region, Xining City[J]. Geology and Resources,2015,24(2):146 − 151. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1947.2015.02.012
[8] LI B, ZHANG W H, JING Q G, et al. Stability analysis on loess-mudstone landslide of the Fenghuang mountains[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013,405-408:595 − 601. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.405-408.595
[9] 姚生海, 李智敏, 张加庆. 关于西宁北山滑坡与湟水河北岸断裂关系的研究[J]. 科学技术与工程,2014,14(4):161 − 163. [YAO Shenghai, LI Zhimin, ZHANG Jiaqing. Research on the relationship between Xining mountain landslide and Huangshui river north fracture[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(4):161 − 163. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2014.04.033
[10] 栗泽桐, 王涛, 周杨, 等. 基于信息量、逻辑回归及其耦合模型的滑坡易发性评估研究: 以青海沙塘川流域为例[J]. 现代地质,2019,34(1):235 − 245. [LI Zetong, WANG Tao, ZHOU Yang, et a1. Landslide susceptibility assessment based on information value model, logistic regression model and their integrated model: A case in Shatang river basin, Qinghai Province[J]. Geoscience,2019,34(1):235 − 245. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 辛鹏, 王涛, 吴树仁. 青海西宁大通县韩家山泥岩质多级旋转型滑坡形成机制研究[J]. 地球学报,2015,36(6):771 − 780. [XIN Peng, WANG Tao, WU Shuren. The formation mechanism of multilevel rotational mudstone landslides in Hanjiashan of Datong County, Qinghai Province[J]. Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2015,36(6):771 − 780. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3975/cagsb.2015.06.09
[12] 辛鹏, 王涛, 吴树仁. 青海西宁—民和新近纪泥岩盆地菜子沟大型平推式滑坡形成机制研究[J]. 地球学报,2018,39(3):342 − 350. [XIN Peng, WANG Tao, WU Shuren. A study of the formation mechanism of Caizigou large-scale translational gliding landslide in neogene mudstone basin of Xining-Minhe, Qinghai Province[J]. Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2018,39(3):342 − 350. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3975/cagsb.2018.030501
[13] MU W P, WU X, QIAN C, et al. Triggering mechanism and reactivation probability of loess-mudstone landslides induced by rainfall infiltration: A case study in Qinghai Province, Northwestern China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2020,79(1):1 − 19. doi: 10.1007/s12665-019-8746-6
[14] 周保, 张俐, 王文来, 等. 青海省西宁市地质灾害详细调查报告[R]. 西宁: 青海省地质环境监测总站, 2013.
ZHOU Bao, ZHANG Li, WANG Wenlai, et a1. Detailed investigation report on geological hazards in Xining, Qinghai Province[R]. Xining: Qinghai Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring, 2013. (in Chinese)
[15] 曾永年, 马海洲, 李珍, 等. 西宁地区湟水阶地的形成与发育研究[J]. 地理科学,1993,15(3):253 − 258. [ZENG Yongnian, MA Haizhou, LI Zhen, et a1. A study on terrace formation and development of the Huangshui river in Xining area[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,1993,15(3):253 − 258. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 何生胤. 西宁盆地湟水河流阶地与高原演化特征分析[J]. 水利与建筑工程学报,2007,5(3):81 − 85. [HE Shengyin. Analysis on characteristics of river terrace and plateau evolvement of Huangshui river in Xining basin[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2007,5(3):81 − 85. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1144.2007.03.023
[17] 孙莹, 隋嘉, 魏赛拉加, 等. 青藏高原隆升与西宁市地质灾害的关系研究[J]. 青海国土经略,2018,15(3):58 − 61. [SUN Ying, SUI Jia, WEI Sailajia, et a1. Study on the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and relationship between Geo-hazards in Xining[J]. Qinghai Guotu Jinglue,2018,15(3):58 − 61. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8704.2018.03.037
[18] 徐叔鹰, 徐德馥, 石生仁, 等. 共和盆地地貌发育与环境演化探讨[J]. 兰州大学学报,1984,20(1):146 − 157. [XU Shuying, XU Defu, SHI Shengren, et a1. Landform development and environmental evolution in Gonghe basin[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University,1984,20(1):146 − 157. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] 徐叔鹰. 青海共和组地层的沉积时代与沉积环境[J]. 兰州大学学报,1987,23(2):109 − 119. [XU Shuying. Depositional period and sedimentary environment of Gonghe series in the Qinghai Province[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University,1987,23(2):109 − 119. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] 鹿化煜, 安芷生, 王晓, 等. 最近14 Ma 青藏高原东北缘阶段性隆升的地貌证据[J]. 地球科学,2004,34(9):855 − 864. [LU Huayu, AN Zhisheng, WANG Xiaoyong, et a1. Geomorphologic evidence of phased uplift of the northeastem Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 14 million years ago[J]. Scientia Sinica Terrae,2004,34(9):855 − 864. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 方小敏, 宋春晖, 戴霜, 等. 青藏高原东北部阶段性变形隆升: 西宁、贵德盆地高精度磁性地层和盆地演化记录[J]. 地学前缘,2007,14(1):230 − 242. [FANG Xiaomin, SONG Chunhui, DAI Shuang, et a1. Cenozoic deformation and uplift of the NE Qingbai-Tibet Plateau: evidence from high-resolution magnetostratigraphy and basin evolution[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(1):230 − 242. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2007.01.022
[22] 李润杰, 王文卿, 刘得俊, 等. 西宁周边沟道水土流失综合治理[J]. 水土保持研究,2006,13(4):158 − 164. [LI Runjie, WANG Wenqing, LIU Dejun, et a1. The Comprehensive management of soil erosion in suburb's watershed of Xining City[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(4):158 − 164. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3409.2006.04.050
-
图(10)
表(4)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2406
- PDF下载数: 216
- 施引文献: 0