采煤区地表拉张裂缝演化及其控制因素物理模拟试验

黄河; 冯宇; 严家平; 鲁海峰; 刘伟; 郭宝伟; 尚相春

doi:10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2021.04-12

采煤区地表拉张裂缝演化及其控制因素物理模拟试验

1.
安徽理工大学地球与环境学院，安徽淮南　232001

2.
淮北矿业（集团）有限责任公司，安徽淮北　235000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41977253）

详细信息

作者简介: 黄　河（1976-），男，安徽固镇人，博士，副教授，研究方向为地质灾害防治。E-mail：1550826493@qq.com

中图分类号: P694

收稿日期: 2020-07-22

修回日期: 2020-08-06

刊出日期: 2021-08-25

Physical model experiment on formation of surface tension fractures and their controlling factors in a coal mining area

1.
School of Earth & Environmental Sciences of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui　232001, China

2.
Huaibei Mining (Group) Co. Ltd, Huaibei, Anhui　235000, China

Received Date: 22 July 2020

Revised Date: 06 August 2020

Publish Date: 25 August 2021

摘要

摘要:
基于自制装置室内模拟试验和现场试验，研究了黏土体含水量变化及应力环境改变对采煤区地表拉张裂隙发育的影响，研究结果表明：在30%、35%、40%三种含水量情况下，随着黏土体含水量增高，土样表面拉张裂隙发育宽度和深度均明显降低，且拉张裂隙发育呈现时间上的滞后；当含水量增至40%时，土样表面不会产生拉张裂隙；在土样表面人为形成应力薄弱区，可以有效改变拉张裂隙发育位置；在孙疃煤矿1047工作面通过增湿试验地表“切眼裂隙”发育得到有效抑制；应力引导对地表“风机裂隙”的发育方向造成一定影响。
- 采煤区 /
- 拉张裂隙 /
- 含水量 /
- 应力引导 /
- 防控技术
Abstract:
Based on the indoor simulation test of self-made device and field test, the influence of clay water content and stress environment change on the development of surface tension fracture in coal mining area is studied. The results show that the width and depth of surface tension fracture of soil sample decrease obviously with the increase of clay water content while the water content is 30%, 35% and 40%;when the water content increases to 40%, there will be no tension cracks on the surface of the soil sample;the artificially formed stress weak area on the surface of the soil sample can effectively change the development position of the tension fracture;in the 1047 working face of Suntuan coal mine, the development of surface “cut fissure” is effectively restrained;the stress guidance has a certain impact on the development direction of surface “fan crack”.
- coal mining area /
- tension fracture /
- water content /
- stress guidance /
- prevention and control technology

HTML全文

图 1 试验装置示意图

Figure 1.

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图 2 含水量为30%的土样表面裂隙发育情况

Figure 2.

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图 3 含水量为35%的土样表面裂隙发育情况

Figure 3.

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图 4 含水量为35%添加划痕的土样表面裂隙发育情况

Figure 4.

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图 5 现场试验地块位置示意图

Figure 5.

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表 1 室内试验与现场试验黏土基本性质对比

Table 1. Comparison of clay properties between laboratory test and field test

黏土类别	土粒比重 G_s	塑限 W_p/%	液限 W_L/%	塑性指数 I_p	自由膨胀率 δ/%
室内试验用土	2.74	23.4	41.5	18.1	48
现场地表黏土	2.74	23.2	41.4	18.2	46
注：表中数据为现场与室内土样测试后的平均值。

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表 2 不同试验地段拉张裂隙发育情况对比

Table 2. Comparison of tensile fractures development in different testing sections

地段	拉张裂隙数量/条	拉张裂隙宽度/mm
增湿地段	1	2
未增湿地段	3	4～11

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