Changing law of shear strength of typical gravel soil in Qinba Mountain area and its application in the analysis of landslide mechanism in accumulation layers
-
摘要:
秦巴山区堆积层滑坡具有数量多、分布广、密度大和频次高的特点，常造成十分严重的灾害。文章以秦巴山区小岭镇岭丰村三组矿洞滑坡碎石土为研究对象，通过室内大型直剪试验对研究区碎石土进行了深入研究，探讨了不同含水率、不同干密度和不同法向应力下碎石土抗剪强度的变化规律，并基于室内试验成果采用Midas GTS NT有限元数值模拟软件对该滑坡发生前的边坡进行计算分析，模拟分析了该边坡在开挖后及开挖与降雨耦合两种工况下应力、位移和稳定性的变化情况，最后以此为依据总结了典型开挖诱发型堆积层滑坡的发生机理。通过数值模拟计算发现：人类工程活动即开挖坡脚和该地区出现的强降雨是导致滑坡的主要诱发因素；秦巴山区典型开挖诱发型滑坡的变形模式可被归纳为：牵引-蠕滑式。研究成果可为秦巴山区堆积层滑坡的防治提供一定参考。
Abstract:The mound landslides in the Qinba Mountain area are characterized by their large number, wide distribution, high density, and high frequency occurence, with excavation-induced landslides being particularly severe. This study focuses on the gravel soils from the mine hole landslide in the third group of Lingfeng Village, Xiaoling Town, Qinba Mountain area. Through large-scale direct shear tests conducted in the laboratory, an in-depth investigation of the gravelly soils in the study area was carried out. The variation rules of shear strength under different moisture contents, dry densities, and normal stresses were explored. Based on the results of these indoor tests, the Midas GTS NT finite element numerical simulation software was used to calculate and analyze the slope conditions before the occurrence of the landslide. Simulations were conducted to analyze the changes in stress, displacement, and stability of the slope after excavation and under two working conditions: post-excavation and post-excavation coupled with rainfall. Finally, the mechanism of typical excavation-induced landslides in stockpiles is summarized based on these findings. It was found by numerical simulation: human engineering activities, i.e., excavation of the toe of slopes and heavy rainfall occurring in the area, are the main triggering factors for landslides: the deformation pattern of typical excavation-induced landslides in the Qinba Mountains can be summarised as: traction-creep-slip type.The research results can provide valuable reference for the prevention and control of excavation-induced landslides in accumulation layers in the Qinba Mountain area.
-
Key words:
- Qinba Mountain area /
- rubble soil /
- shear strength /
- landslide /
- occurrence mechanism
-
-
表 1 本次试验方案
Table 1. Large-scale direct shear test program
试样编号 含水率/% 干密度/（g·cm−3） S01 5.0 1.5 S02 10.6 1.5 S03 15.0 1.5 S04 19.4 1.5 S05 5.0 1.4 S06 10.6 1.4 S07 15.0 1.4 S08 19.4 1.4 S09 5.0 1.4 S10 10.6 1.3 S11 15.0 1.3 S12 19.4 1.3 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 数值模拟参数
Table 2. Numerical model parameters
类型 重度
/（kN·m−3）泊松比 c/kPa φ/（°） E/MPa 碎石土层 21.2 0.32 25.2 31.1 100 滑带土（天然工况） 19.2 0.33 25.0 30.5 90 滑带土（饱和工况） 19.7 0.40 20.9 19.6 70 强风化层 23.3 0.30 50.0 35.0 200 基岩层 24.5 0.28 428.0 38.0 1000
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 赵力行,范文,柴小庆,等. 秦巴山区地质灾害发育规律研究——以镇巴县幅为例[J]. 地质与资源,2020,29(2):187 − 195. [ZHAO Lixing,FAN Wen,CHAI Xiaoqing,et al. Study on the development pattern of geological hazards in the Qinba Mountain area:Take Zhenba County magnitude as an example[J]. Geology and Resources,2020,29(2):187 − 195. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1947.2020.02.011
ZHAO Lixing, FAN Wen, CHAI Xiaoqing, et al. Study on the development pattern of geological hazards in the Qinba Mountain area: Take Zhenba County magnitude as an example［J］. Geology and Resources, 2020, 29（2）: 187 − 195. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1947.2020.02.011
[2] 周静静,张晓敏,赵法锁,等. 陕南秦巴山区地质灾害危险性评价研究[J]. 地质力学学报,2019,25(4):544 − 553. [ZHOU Jingjing,ZHANG Xiaomin,ZHAO Fasuo,et al. Study on the evaluation of geological hazard risk in Qinba Mountain area in southern Shaanxi[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,2019,25(4):544 − 553. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
ZHOU Jingjing, ZHANG Xiaomin, ZHAO Fasuo, et al. Study on the evaluation of geological hazard risk in Qinba Mountain area in southern Shaanxi［J］. Journal of Geomechanics, 2019, 25（4）: 544 − 553. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[3] 强菲,赵法锁,段钊. 陕南秦巴山区地质灾害发育及空间分布规律[J]. 灾害学,2015,30(2):193 − 198. [QIANG Fei,ZHAO Fasuo,DUAN Zhao. Development and spatial distribution pattern of geological hazards in Qinba Mountain area,southern Shaanxi[J]. Disaster Science,2015,30(2):193 − 198. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
QIANG Fei, ZHAO Fasuo, DUAN Zhao. Development and spatial distribution pattern of geological hazards in Qinba Mountain area, southern Shaanxi［J］. Disaster Science, 2015, 30（2）: 193 − 198. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[4] 陶宜权,范文,曹琰波,等. 秦巴山区浅表层滑坡灾害监测预警平台设计与实现[J/OL]. 灾害学,(2023-03-23)[2023-06-29]. [TAO Yiquan,FAN Wen,CAO Yanbo,et al. Design and implementation of a monitoring and early warning platform for shallow surface landslide hazards in the Qinba Mountains[J/OL]. Disaster Science,(2023-03-23)[2023-06-29]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1097.P.20230222.1702.002.html. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
TAO Yiquan, FAN Wen, CAO Yanbo, et al. Design and implementation of a monitoring and early warning platform for shallow surface landslide hazards in the Qinba Mountains［J/OL］. Disaster Science, （2023-03-23）[2023-06-29]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1097.P.20230222.1702.002.html. (in Chinese with English abstract）
[5] 周广鹏. 秦巴山区浅表层土石混合体入渗机理试验研究[D]. 长安大学,2019. [ZHOU Guangpeng. Experimental study on infiltration mechanism of shallow surface soil-rock mixture in Qinba Mountain area[D]. Chang’an University,2019. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
ZHOU Guangpeng. Experimental study on infiltration mechanism of shallow surface soil-rock mixture in Qinba Mountain area［D］. Chang’an University, 2019. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[6] 韩朝君,李国营,吴玮江,等. 静宁县田堡调蓄水池滑坡成因及稳定性分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2023,34(6):13 − 19. [HAN Chaojun, LI Guoying,WU Weijiang,et al. Causes and stability analysis of the landslide at Tianbao Reservoir in Jingning County, Gansu Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2023,34(6):13 − 19. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
HAN Chaojun, LI Guoying, WU Weijiang, et al. Causes and stability analysis of the landslide at Tianbao Reservoir in Jingning County, Gansu Province［J］. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2023, 34（6）: 13 − 19. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[7] 董林鹭,李鹏,李永红,等. 高应力地下厂房顶拱开挖过程围岩力学响应与稳定性分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2023,42(5):1096 − 1109. [DONG Linlu,LI Peng,LI Yonghong,et al. Mechanical response and stability analysis of surrounding rock during excavation of top arch of high stress underground plant[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2023,42(5):1096 − 1109. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
DONG Linlu, LI Peng, LI Yonghong, et al. Mechanical response and stability analysis of surrounding rock during excavation of top arch of high stress underground plant［J］. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2023, 42（5）: 1096 − 1109. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[8] 黄润秋,林峰,陈德基. 岩质高边坡卸荷带形成及其工程性状研究[J]. 工程地质学报,2001(3):227 − 232. [HUANG Runqiu,LIN Feng,CHEN Deji. Study on the formation of rocky high slope unloading zone and its engineering properties[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2001(3):227 − 232. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9665.2001.03.001
HUANG Runqiu, LIN Feng, CHEN Deji. Study on the formation of rocky high slope unloading zone and its engineering properties［J］. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2001（3）: 227 − 232. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9665.2001.03.001
[9] 马春驰,李天斌,陈国庆,等. 地下水与开挖作用下堆积层滑坡体滑动机制分析[J]. 工程地质学报,2013,21(6):878 − 884. [MA Chunchi,LI Tianbin,CHEN Guoqing,et al. Analysis of sliding mechanism of landslide under groundwater and excavation[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2013,21(6):878 − 884. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
MA Chunchi, LI Tianbin, CHEN Guoqing, et al. Analysis of sliding mechanism of landslide under groundwater and excavation［J］. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2013, 21（6）: 878 − 884. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[10] 曹春山,吴树仁,潘懋,等. 工程切坡诱发黄土滑坡成因机制研究[J]. 岩土力学,2016,37(4):1049 − 1060. [CAO Chunshan,WU Shuren,PAN Mao,et al. Causative mechanism of loess landslides induced by engineering cut slopes[J]. Geotechnics,2016,37(4):1049 − 1060. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
CAO Chunshan, WU Shuren, PAN Mao, et al. Causative mechanism of loess landslides induced by engineering cut slopes［J］. Geotechnics, 2016, 37（4）: 1049 − 1060. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[11] 陈涛,吴凤娇,张顺斌,等. 相邻基坑浅开挖引发石峰滑坡大变形原因分析[J]. 地下空间与工程学报,2019,15(S2):1009 − 1015. [CHEN Tao,WU Fengjiao,ZHANG Shunbin,et al. Analysis of the causes of large deformation of Shifeng landslide triggered by shallow excavation of adjacent foundation pit[J]. Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2019,15(S2):1009 − 1015. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
CHEN Tao, WU Fengjiao, ZHANG Shunbin, et al. Analysis of the causes of large deformation of Shifeng landslide triggered by shallow excavation of adjacent foundation pit［J］. Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2019, 15（S2）: 1009 − 1015. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[12] 彭建兵,吴迪,段钊等. 典型人类工程活动诱发黄土滑坡灾害特征与致灾机理[J]. 西南交通大学学报,2016,51(5):971 − 980. [PENG Jianbing,WU Di,DUAN Zhao,et al. Characteristics and disaster-causing mechanism of loess landslide disasters induced by typical human engineering activities[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2016,51(5):971 − 980. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2016.05.021
PENG Jianbing, WU Di, DUAN Zhao, et al. Characteristics and disaster-causing mechanism of loess landslide disasters induced by typical human engineering activities［J］. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2016, 51（5）: 971 − 980. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2016.05.021
[13] 蒋涛,崔圣华,冉耀. 开挖和降雨耦合诱发滑坡机理分析——以四川万源前进广场滑坡为例[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2023,34(3):20 − 30. [JIANG Tao,CUI Shenghua,RAN Yao. Mechanism anal-ysis of landslide induced by coupling of excavation and rainfall:A case study of the landslide at Qianjin Square,Wanyuan,Sichuan[J]. Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control,2023,34(3):20 − 30. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
JIANG Tao, CUI Shenghua, RAN Yao. Mechanism anal-ysis of landslide induced by coupling of excavation and rainfall: A case study of the landslide at Qianjin Square, Wanyuan, Sichuan［J］. Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control, 2023, 34（3）: 20 − 30. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[14] 卢永兴,肖建章,许冲,等. 蓄水与施工作用下滑坡变形机制与稳定性分析[J]. 工程地质学报,2014,22(3):386 − 395. [LU Yongxing,XIAO Jianzhang,XU Chong,et al. Analysis of landslide deformation mechanism and stability under the action o-f water storage and construction[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(3):386 − 395. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
LU Yongxing, XIAO Jianzhang, XU Chong, et al. Analysis of landslide deformation mechanism and stability under the action o-f water storage and construction［J］. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2014, 22（3）: 386 − 395. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[15] 周孝鑫,谭钦文,林志果,等. 京广铁路K1219路基土质边坡深层滑移失稳机制与整治对策[J]. 地质科技通报,2022,41(6):85 − 94. [ZHOU Xiaoxin,TAN Qinwen,LIN Zhiguo,et al. Mechanism of deep slide instability and remediation countermeasures for K1219 roadbed soil side slope of Jingguang Railway[J]. Geological Science and Technology Bulletin,2022,41(6):85 − 94. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
ZHOU Xiaoxin, TAN Qinwen, LIN Zhiguo, et al. Mechanism of deep slide instability and remediation countermeasures for K1219 roadbed soil side slope of Jingguang Railway［J］. Geological Science and Technology Bulletin, 2022, 41（6）: 85 − 94. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[16] 刘宝山,张春鹏,寇林林,等. 黑龙江多宝山铜矿区韧性剪切变形时代及其对铜矿化改造的约束[J]. 地质通报,2024,43(6):885 − 895. [LIU Baoshan,ZHANG Chunpeng,KOU Linlin,et al. The age of ductile shear deformation and its constraint on Cu mineralization transformation in Duobaoshan Cu deposit, Heilongjiang Province[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2024,43(6):885 − 895. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
LIU Baoshan, ZHANG Chunpeng, KOU Linlin, et al. The age of ductile shear deformation and its constraint on Cu mineralization transformation in Duobaoshan Cu deposit, Heilongjiang Province［J］. Geological Bulletin of China, 2024, 43（6）: 885 − 895. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[17] 江强强,徐杨青,王浩. 不同含石量条件下土石混合体剪切变形特征的试验研究[J]. 工程地质学报,2020,28(5):951 − 958. [JIANG Qiangqiang,XU Yangqing,WANG Hao. Experimental study on the shear deformation characteristics of soil-stone mixtures under different stone content conditions[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2020,28(5):951 − 958. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
JIANG Qiangqiang, XU Yangqing, WANG Hao. Experimental study on the shear deformation characteristics of soil-stone mixtures under different stone content conditions［J］. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2020, 28（5）: 951 − 958. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[18] 杨继红,董金玉,黄志全,等. 不同含石量条件下堆积体抗剪强度特性的大型直剪试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报,2016,38(S2):161 − 166. [YANG Jihong,DONG Jinyu,HUANG Zhiquan,et al. Large-scale direct shear test study on shear strength characteristics of mounded bodies under different rock content conditions[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(S2):161 − 166. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
YANG Jihong, DONG Jinyu, HUANG Zhiquan, et al. Large-scale direct shear test study on shear strength characteristics of mounded bodies under different rock content conditions［J］. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2016, 38（S2）: 161 − 166. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[19] 陈书平,田作基,徐世东,等. 两种结构类型的走滑相关剪断裂带[J]. 地质通报,2024,43(1):13 − 19. [CHEN Shuping, TIAN Zuoji,XU Shidong,et al. Two structural types of shear fracture belts related to wrenches[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2024,43(1):13 − 19. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
CHEN Shuping, TIAN Zuoji, XU Shidong, et al. Two structural types of shear fracture belts related to wrenches［J］. Geological Bulletin of China, 2024, 43（1）: 13 − 19. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[20] 交通运输部公路科学研究院. 公路土工试验规程:JTG 3430—2020[S]. 北京:人民交通出版社,2020. [Institute of Highway Science,Ministry of Transportation and Communications. Test methods of soils for highway engineering:JTG 3430—2020[S]. Beijing:People’s Transportation Press,2020. (in Chinese)]
Institute of Highway Science, Ministry of Transportation and Communications. Test methods of soils for highway engineering: JTG 3430—2020［S］. Beijing: People’s Transportation Press, 2020. （in Chinese）
[21] 王剑,应春业,胡新丽,等. 浸泡作用下碎石土剪切强度衰减规律及机理[J]. 地质科技通报,2022,41(6):294 − 300. [WANG Jian,YING Chunye,HU Xinli,et al. Laws and mechanisms of shear strength attenuation of gravel soil under immersion[J]. Geoscience and Technology Bulletin,2022,41(6):294 − 300. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
WANG Jian, YING Chunye, HU Xinli, et al. Laws and mechanisms of shear strength attenuation of gravel soil under immersion［J］. Geoscience and Technology Bulletin, 2022, 41（6）: 294 − 300. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[22] 李庶林,赵睿鸣,彭府华,等. 基于强度折减法的高陡边坡滑坡治理稳定性分析[J]. 建筑科学与工程学报,2020,37(1):120 − 126. [LI Shulin,ZHAO Ruiming,PENG Fuhua,et al. Stability analysis of landslide management on high and steep slopes based on strength discounting method[J]. Journal of Building Science and Engineering,2020,37(1):120 − 126. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
LI Shulin, ZHAO Ruiming, PENG Fuhua, et al. Stability analysis of landslide management on high and steep slopes based on strength discounting method［J］. Journal of Building Science and Engineering, 2020, 37（1）: 120 − 126. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[23] 涂国祥,黄润秋. 降雨对路堤斜坡稳定性影响的时间效应[J]. 岩土力学,2015,36(S1):523 − 530. [TU Guoxiang,HUANG Runqiu. Time effect of rainfall on embankment slope stability[J]. Geotechnics,2015,36(S1):523 − 530. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
TU Guoxiang, HUANG Runqiu. Time effect of rainfall on embankment slope stability［J］. Geotechnics, 2015, 36（S1）: 523 − 530. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[24] 冉涛,陈浩,王羽珂,等. 工程开挖活动诱发堆积层滑坡变形机理及加固效果分析[J]. 地质与勘探,2022,58(6):1236 − 1251. [RAN Tao,CHEN Hao,WANG Yuke,et al. Analysis of the deformation mechanism and reinforcement effect of mound landslides induced by engineering excavation activities[J]. Geology and Exploration,2022,58(6):1236 − 1251. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
RAN Tao, CHEN Hao, WANG Yuke, et al. Analysis of the deformation mechanism and reinforcement effect of mound landslides induced by engineering excavation activities［J］. Geology and Exploration, 2022, 58（6）: 1236 − 1251. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[25] 毛正君,张瑾鸽,仲佳鑫,等. 梯田型黄土滑坡隐患发育特征与成因分析——以宁夏南部黄土丘陵区为例[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2022,33(6):142 − 152. [MAO Zhengjun,ZHANG Jinge,ZHONG Jiaxin,et al. Characteristics and causes of terraced loess landslides in the loess hilly area of southern Ningxia[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control,2022,33(6):142 − 152. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
MAO Zhengjun, ZHANG Jinge, ZHONG Jiaxin, et al. Characteristics and causes of terraced loess landslides in the loess hilly area of southern Ningxia［J］. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control, 2022, 33（6）: 142 − 152. （in Chinese with English abstract）
-
图(16)
表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 188
- PDF下载数: 28
- 施引文献: 0