Formation mechanism and hazard assessment of debris flow in Yizhong River, Deqin County, Yunnan Province
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摘要:
云南省德钦县是我国遭受泥石流灾害最严重的地区之一。德钦县一中河曾多次暴发大规模的泥石流灾害，对沟口处居民区及G214国道造成严重破坏和巨大经济损失。为探明一中河上游源区潜在物源在暴雨+地震工况下形成泥石流灾害的危险区范围和启动机制，在现场调查和成因分析的基础上，以无人机贴近摄影成果高精度的DEM为地形数据，运用RAMMS软件对暴雨+地震工况下体积为16.05×104 m3的泥石流进行模拟，划定了一中河流域内两处危险区，并阐述了一中河泥石流灾害成灾模式。研究结果表明：一中河泥石流属于高原山区沟谷型黏性泥石流，具有规模大、高易发、危害大的特点，其成灾机制概括为高位崩滑体-碎屑流-泥石流-堰塞湖-溃决洪水的沟谷灾害链；危险区Ⅰ位于G214国道至德维路区域，危险区Ⅱ为沟口区域，此区域易发生堆积和堵塞，危险性极高；泥石流运动过程中最大流速达23.93 m/s，最大冲击力为
1000 kPa，最大堆积深度为9.33 m，泥石流一次最大冲出体积约8×104 m3，危险区范围约0.31 km2。结果可为一中河泥石流治理工程提供科学依据，对德钦县地质灾害综合防治能力提升具有重要实际意义。Abstract:Deqin County in Yunnan Province is among the most severely affected regions in China by debris flow disasters. The Yizhong River in Deqin County has witnessed numerous large-scale debris flow disasters, causing significant damage and substantial economic losses to residential areas and the G214 national road. To elucidate the range of hazard zones and initiation mechanisms of debris flow disaster triggered by potential sources in the upstream Yizhong River under conditions of heavy rainfall and earthquakes, this study conducted field investigations and causal analyses. High-precision Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data derived from close-range UAV aerial photography were utilized as topographic data. The RAMMS software simulated a debris flow of 16.05×104 m3 under heavy rain and earthquake conditions. Two hazardous zones within the Yizhong River Basin were delineated, and the disaster initiation mode of debris flow in Yizhong River was expounded. The results show that the debris flow in Yizhong River belongs to the gully-type viscous debris flow typical of plateau mountainous regions, characterized by large scale, high frequency, and severe impact. Its disaster mechanism is summarized as a gully and valley disaster chain involving high-altitude landslide, debris flow, dammed lake, and flood breach. Risk zone I is located in the area from G214 national road to Dewei Road, while risk zone II is in the gully mouth area prone to accumulation and blockage, presenting high risk. During debris flow movement, the maximum flow velocity reached 23.93 m/s, maximum impact force was
1000 kPa, maximum accumulation depth was 9.33 m, and the maximum single outburst volume of debris flow was approximately80000 m3, with a danger area of about 0.31 km2. The research results provide a scientific basis for debris flow control projects in Yizhong River and are of practical significance for improving the comprehensive prevention and control of geological hazards in Deqin County.-
Key words:
- Deqin County /
- debris flow /
- G214 national road /
- disaster mechanism /
- risk zone /
- numerical simulation
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表 1 一中河泥石流物源统计表
Table 1. Statistical table of sources of Yizhong River debris flow
物源类型 冰碛物 滑坡 危岩崩塌 沟床堆积物 沟岸坍塌 坡面侵蚀 合计 面积/（104 m2） 4.0 4.30 10.94 1.24 0.30 31.20 51.98 体积/（104 m3） 30.0 40.12 27.25 3.70 0.80 12.25 114.12 可移储量/（104 m3） 2.75 9.52 8.98 1.95 0.80 1.23 25.23 一次最大可移储量/（104 m3） 0.14 0.55 0.90 0.39 0.24 0.12 2.34 
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